Fiches de ce paquet (43)

• What is the definition of psychology?

  The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
  psychology definition
• What are the goals of psychology?

  • To describe (What?)
  • To explain (Why?)
  • To predict (When?)
  • To control (How?)
  psychology goals
• Who is known as the father of psychology?

  Wilhelm Wundt
  psychology history
• What method did Wilhelm Wundt use to study the mind?

  Objective introspection.
  psychology methods
• What did Aristotle write about?

  The relationship and unity of the soul to the body.
  philosophy psychology
• What is objective introspection?

  The process of objectively examining and measuring one's thoughts and mental activities.
  psychology methods
• What is the pineal gland believed to be?

  The seat of the soul, according to René Descartes.
  anatomy psychology
• What is the study of behavior?

  Outward/overt actions and reactions.
  psychology behavior
• What are mental processes?

  Internal/covert mental activities like thinking and feeling.
  psychology mental_processes
• What is the scientific approach in psychology?

  Unbiased observation as the primary method of studying behavior and mental processes.
  psychology scientific_method
• What did Plato develop?

  The view of dualism, where the soul exists separately from the body.
  philosophy psychology
• What is the age of psychology as a field?

  About 135 years old.
  psychology history
• What is the significance of Leipzig, Germany in psychology?

  It is where the first true experimental laboratory in psychology was established.
  psychology history
• What does Ciccarelli & White (2014) define psychology as?

  The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
  psychology definition
• What is the scientific methodology in psychology?

  A systematic approach to studying behavior and mental processes.
  psychology scientific_method
• What do ethical considerations in psychological research involve?

  • Research with people
  • Research with animals
  psychology ethics
• What did René Descartes agree with?

  Plato's view of dualism.
  philosophy psychology
• What is introspection in psychology?

  Examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities, such as objectively describing sensations.
  psychology introspection
• Who was Edward Titchener?

  A student of Wundt who expanded on his ideas and developed structuralism, focusing on the elements of consciousness.
  psychology structuralism
• What is structuralism?

  A viewpoint that focused on the structure of the mind and believed every experience could be broken down into individual emotions and sensations.
  psychology structuralism
• Who was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology?

  Margaret Washburn, who published 'The Animal Mind' in 1908.
  psychology women
• Who is William James?

  A psychologist who taught the first psychology classes in America and published 'Principles of Psychology' in 1890.
  psychology functionalism
• What is functionalism?

  A viewpoint that focuses on the importance of consciousness to everyday life and how it helps people function in the real world.
  psychology functionalism
• Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?

  A student of James who became the first female president of the American Psychological Association in 1905.
  psychology women
• What does Gestalt mean?

  It means 'an organized whole' or 'configuration', focusing on whole patterns rather than small pieces.
  psychology gestalt
• Who is Max Wertheimer?

  A psychologist who studied Gestalt and believed psychological events could not be broken down into smaller elements.
  psychology gestalt
• What is psychoanalysis?

  A theory developed by Sigmund Freud, focusing on unconscious processes and how they influence behavior.
  psychology freud
• Who is Sigmund Freud?

  A neurologist who specialized in nervous system disorders and developed psychoanalysis.
  psychology freud
• Who theorized that the cause of certain behaviors must be in the mind?

  Sigmund Freud
  psychology theory
• What concept did Freud propose regarding the mind?

  An unconscious mind that represses threatening desires.
  psychology freud
• What did Freud believe influenced personality formation?

  Early childhood experiences.
  psychology development
• What is the foundation of modern psychotherapy based on Freudian ideas?

  Freudian psychoanalysis.
  psychotherapy freud
• Who was Ivan Pavlov?

  A Russian physiologist known for his work on conditioning.
  psychology pavlov
• What reflex did Pavlov study in dogs?

  The salivation reflex.
  psychology pavlov
• What process did Pavlov discover?

  Conditioning.
  psychology conditioning
• What did John B. Watson focus on in psychology?

  Observable behavior.
  psychology behaviorism
• What was the main concept of behaviorism?

  All behavior is learned through stimulus-response relationships.
  psychology behaviorism
• What study did Watson conduct to demonstrate learned phobias?

  The Little Albert study.
  psychology watson
• Who conducted the 'Little Peter' study?

  Mary Cover Jones.
  psychology jones
• What concept did Mary Cover Jones introduce?

  Counterconditioning.
  psychology therapy
• What does psychodynamic psychology focus on?

  The unconscious mind and early childhood development.
  psychology psychodynamic
• What do behavioral perspectives focus on?

  External forces in personality development.
  psychology behavioral
• What is operant conditioning?

  Strengthening actions that bring a positive response.
  psychology conditioning