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Guarda tu mazo antes de que desaparezca

Estas tarjetas aún no se han guardado — desaparecerán cuando salgas. Crea una cuenta gratuita para conservarlas y desbloquear todo lo de abajo.

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Flashcards in this deck (21)

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  • What is an attempt?


    An act done with intent to commit an offence, more than merely preparatory (Criminal Attempts Act 1981 s.1(1)).

    law attempts
  • What is the purpose of attempt liability?


    To punish those who show clear criminal intent but fail to complete the offence.

    law liability
  • What are the elements of an attempt?


    • Actus reus: More than merely preparatory act.
    • Mens rea: Intention to commit the full offence.
    law elements
  • What does more than merely preparatory mean?


    The defendant must have embarked on the crime proper, not just prepared for it (R v Gullefer [1990]).

    law preparatory
  • How did R v Gullefer define the test?


    The act must show the defendant moved from preparation to execution.

    law test
  • How did R v Geddes clarify the attempt?


    The defendant must be actually trying to commit the offence, not just in a position to do so.

    law geddes
  • What about R v Jones (1990)?


    Producing a gun, pointing it at the victim, and removing the safety catch was more than preparatory.

    law jones
  • What did R v Tosti (1997) establish?


    Examining a lock with cutting equipment nearby was more than preparatory — immediate steps toward the crime.

    law tosti
  • Is impossibility a defence?


    No — a person can be guilty even if the commission is factually or legally impossible (R v Shivpuri [1987]).

    law impossibility
  • What mens rea is required for an attempt?


    Intention to commit the full offence; recklessness is insufficient unless permitted by the completed offence (R v Khan [1990]).

    law mens_rea
  • For attempted murder, what must be proved?


    Intention to kill, not merely to cause GBH (R v Whybrow [1951]).

    law murder
  • What is factual impossibility?


    When it is impossible to complete the offence due to a factual error (e.g. stealing from an empty pocket). Still liable (R v Shivpuri [1987]).

    law factual_impossibility
  • What is legal impossibility?


    When the intended act is not an offence at all — not punishable (Anderton v Ryan [1985]).

    law legal_impossibility
  • Can withdrawal be a defence?


    Yes, if the defendant voluntarily and completely withdraws before the actus reus is complete (R v Taylor [1859]).

    law withdrawal
  • Can there be an attempt to commit summary offences?


    Generally no — only indictable or either-way offences qualify (s.1(4) CAA 1981).

    law summary_offences
  • Can there be an attempt to commit manslaughter or negligence offences?


    No — these require lack of intent.

    law manslaughter
  • What about attempts to commit strict liability offences?


    Only if the offence itself allows for mens rea in the act of attempt.

    law strict_liability
  • What is the summary of attempts and impossibility?


    • Factual impossibility: Guilty (e.g., picking empty pocket)
    • Legal impossibility: Not guilty (doing something not illegal).
    law summary
  • What is meant by more than merely preparatory in crime?


    Embarking on the crime proper.

    law crime
  • What is factual impossibility in criminal law?


    Offence impossible due to facts.

    law crime
  • What is legal impossibility in criminal law?


    Intended act not an offence.

    law crime