Flashcards in dit deck (62)

• What hormone is responsible for stimulating gastric acid secretion?

  Gastrin
  hormones gastrin
• Which hormone aids in the digestion of fats and proteins?

  Cholecystokinin (CCK)
  hormones digestion
• What is the function of Secretin?

  Regulates pancreatic secretion
  hormones secretin
• Name a hormone that inhibits gastric secretion.

  Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)
  hormones inhibition
• What role does Motilin play in digestion?

  Stimulates gastrointestinal motility
  hormones motility
• Identify a hormone that acts as an inhibitory agent in the gastrointestinal tract.

  Somatostatin
  hormones inhibition
• What is the function of Substance P?

  Involved in signaling pain and inflammation
  hormones substancep
• What cells produce gastrin?

  G cells in the antral portion of the gastric mucosa.
  gastrin hormones physiology
• What is the main role of gastrin?

  • Stimulates gastric acid secretion
  • Causes secretion of pepsinogen
  • Enhances pyloric pump activity
  • Stimulates growth of gastric mucosa
  gastrin physiology digestion
• How does gastrin affect stomach emptying?

  Promotes stomach emptying by enhancing the activity of the pyloric pump.
  gastrin physiology stomach
• Which physiological function is associated with gastrin?

  Stimulates the growth of gastric mucosa.
  gastrin physiology growth
• What hormone stimulates gastric acid secretion?

  Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion by parietal cells.
  biology hormones
• How does gastrin stimulate gastric acid secretion directly?

  It acts directly on the parietal cells.
  biology gastrin
• What is the indirect mechanism of gastrin in stimulating gastric acid secretion?

  It acts on ECL cells to release histamine, which stimulates parietal cells.
  biology gastrin ecl
• What does histamine stimulate in parietal cells?

  Histamine stimulates K+/H+ ATPase activity to secrete more H+ ions.
  biology hormones gastric_acid
• What are the stimulatory factors for gastrin secretion?

  • Gastric distension
  • Presence of digestive products
  • Increased vagal discharge
  • Increased calcium level
  gastroenterology hormones
• List the inhibitory factors for gastrin secretion.

  • High gastric acidity
  • Entero-gastric reflex
  • Somatostatin hormone
  • Gastric inhibitor polypeptide (GIP)
  • Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
  • Calcitonin hormone
  gastroenterology hormones
• What role does gastrin play in the gastrointestinal system?

  Stimulates gastric acid secretion and promotes digestive processes.
  gastroenterology hormones
• Identify the physiological functions of gastrointestinal hormones.

  • Gastrin's role in acid secretion
  • Cholecystokinin's actions on digestion
  • Secretin's function in pancreas regulation
  • Control mechanisms of gastrointestinal hormones
  • Influence of motilin and substance P
  gastroenterology hormones
• What visual aid can help understand gastrointestinal hormones?

  
  gastroenterology visuals
• What cells secrete cholecystokinin?

  I cells in the upper intestine
  physiology hormones
• What is the role of cholecystokinin in digestion?

  • Increases bile acid production in the liver
  • Stimulates pancreatic enzymatic secretion
  • Augments secretin's action on alkaline pancreatic juice
  • Causes gallbladder contraction and sphincter relaxation
  physiology digestion hormones
• What role does secretin play in digestion?

  It augments pyloric sphincter contraction, inhibiting gastric emptying and preventing reflux of duodenal contents.
  gastrointestinal hormones secretin
• Which hormones influence the functions of the gallbladder and pancreas?

  
  gastrointestinal hormones diagram
• How does secretin affect gastric function?

  It inhibits gastric emptying and enhances the motility of the small intestine and colon.
  gastrointestinal hormones secretin
• What is the function of hormones like Gastrin, CCK, and Secretin in the digestive system?

  They regulate the functions of the stomach, gallbladder, and pancreas.
  gastrointestinal hormones functions
• What increases the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

  • Digestive end products in the duodenum
  • CCK-releasing peptide
  • Monitor peptide
  • Acetylcholine (Parasympathetic stimulation)
  physiology hormones digestion
• What is the role of CCK-releasing peptide?

  It is released from the gastric and intestinal mucosa and stimulates CCK secretion.
  physiology hormones
• What function does Acetylcholine serve in CCK secretion?

  It stimulates CCK secretion through parasympathetic stimulation.
  physiology nervous_system digestion
• Which cells release monitor peptide?

  Pancreatic cells release monitor peptide, contributing to CCK secretion.
  physiology hormones pancreas
• Where is secretin secreted?

  By S cells in the mucosa of the upper small intestine.
  physiology hormones
• What does secretin increase?

  Watery, alkaline pancreatic juice production.
  physiology pancreas
• How does secretin affect gastric acid secretion?

  • Stimulates somatostatin release.
  • Inhibits gastrin release.
  physiology hormones
• What effect does secretin have on gastric emptying?

  Inhibits gastric emptying by contracting the pyloric sphincter.
  physiology hormones
• What hormone's action does secretin augment?

  The action of CCK (Cholecystokinin) in pancreatic secretion.
  physiology hormones
• What increases the secretion of secretin hormone?

  • Products of protein digestion
  • Acid bathing the mucosa of the upper small intestine
  • Negative feedback control
  hormones secretin
• What does secretin cause in the duodenum?

  • Alkaline pancreatic juice floods in,
  • Neutralizes acid from stomach,
  • Inhibits further secretion of secretin.
  hormones duodenum
• What is the function of secretin?

  Regulates pancreatic secretion and neutralizes stomach acid.
  physiology secretin
• How does secretin affect the pancreas?

  Stimulates release of bicarbonate and digestive enzymes.
  pancreas secretin
• Which cells produce gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)?

  It is produced by K cells in the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum.
  gastroenterology hormones
• What stimulates the secretion of GIP?

  Digestive products in the duodenum trigger its secretion.
  gastroenterology hormones
• What is a potential effect of large doses of GIP?

  It can inhibit gastric secretion and motility.
  gastroenterology hormones
• What does Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) stimulate in the intestines?

  • Intestinal secretion of electrolytes
  • Water secretion
  physiology hormones
• What is one effect of VIP on intestinal smooth muscle?

  • Relaxation of smooth muscle
  • Relaxation of sphincters
  physiology hormones
• How does VIP affect peripheral blood vessels?

  • Dilation of peripheral blood vessels
  physiology vascular
• What effect does VIP have on gastric acid secretion?

  • Inhibition of gastric acid secretion
  • Inhibition of G cells
  physiology gastric
• Why is VIP important in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases?

  VIP is a significant neuropeptide involved in gastrointestinal functions.
  pathophysiology ibd
• What cells secrete somatostatin?

  D cells in the pancreatic islets.
  hormones pancreas
• What triggers the release of somatostatin?

  Increased concentrations of plasma nutrients and GIT hormones due to food intake.
  hormones digestion
• What hormones does somatostatin inhibit?

  • Gastrin
  • VIP
  • GIP
  • Secretin
  • CCK
  • Motilin
  hormones inhibition
• What effect does somatostatin have on gastrointestinal motility?

  Decreases secretions and motility, aiding absorption of water and electrolytes.
  gastrointestinal pharmacology
• How does somatostatin affect pancreatic secretions?

  Inhibits both exocrine and endocrine secretions of the pancreas.
  hormones pancreas
• What cells secrete motilin?

  Mo cells in the stomach
  gastroenterology hormones
• What major function does motilin serve?

  Regulator of migrating motor complexes (MMCs)
  gastroenterology motility
• What is the effect of motilin on gastrointestinal motility?

  Stimulates gastric and small intestine motility
  gastroenterology motility
• Where is substance P found?

  In secretory mucosal and nerve cells of the gastrointestinal tract
  gastroenterology hormones
• How does substance P affect the small intestine?

  Increases motility of the small intestine
  gastroenterology motility
• What role does substance P have in intestinal function?

  Participates in the intestinal peristaltic reflex
  gastroenterology function
• What hormone is secreted by the stomach and stimulates appetite?

  Ghrelin - known as the hunger hormone.
  hormones ghrelin appetite
• Which hormone inhibits hunger sensation and is secreted by the adipose tissue?

  Leptin - known as the satiety hormone.
  hormones leptin satiety
• What role does ghrelin play in pancreatic function?

  It regulates ẞ-cell function and glucose homeostasis.
  hormones pancreas glucose
• What is the function of leptin in energy balance?

  Regulates long-term balance between food intake and energy expenditure.
  hormones energy balance