What is the weight of each kidney?
150 g
What are the three tissue layers supporting the kidneys?
Renal Fascia, Perirenal Fat Capsule, Fibrous Capsule
What is the outer layer of the kidney called?
Renal Fascia
What is the function of the Perirenal Fat Capsule?
Cushioning
What is the role of the Fibrous Capsule?
Tight inner wrapping, infection protection
What is the outer region of the kidney responsible for urine filtration?
Cortex
What structures are found in the medulla of the kidney?
Renal Pyramids and Columns
What does the pelvis of the kidney do?
Connects to Ureters, acts as a funnel
What is the blood supply percentage that reaches the kidney cortex?
Over 90%
What is the primary function of Nephrons?
Produce urine via filtration
What are the components of the Renal Corpuscle?
Glomerulus and Capsule
What is the function of the Glomerulus?
Produces filtrate
What is the Capsular Space?
Space within the Glomerular Capsule where filtrate enters
What type of cells are Podocytes?
Capsular cells stuck to capillaries
What is the role of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?
Reabsorption/Secretion
What does the Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle) do?
Reabsorption/Secretion
What is the function of the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)?
Reabsorption/Secretion
What does the Collecting Duct do?
Takes urine to ureters, Reabsorption/Secretion
What are Cortical Nephrons known for?
Most numerous (85%), produce regular urine
What characterizes Juxtamedullary Nephrons?
Less common, produce concentrated urine
What is the function of the Juxtaglomerular Complex (JGC)?
Involved in Tubuloglomerular Feedback Mechanism
What drives Glomerular Filtration?
Hydrostatic (blood) pressure
What is the normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
120-125 ml/min
What is the Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)?
Outward pressure – inward pressure, about 10 mm Hg net outward
What regulates intrinsic controls of filtration?
Renal Autoregulation
What happens during Myogenic Mechanism?
Afferent arterioles constrict if blood pressure increases
What does the Tubuloglomerular Feedback Mechanism respond to?
[NaCl] and GFR
What triggers the Renin-Angiotensin Mechanism?
Low BP causes JGC to release Renin
What does Angiotensin II do?
Causes systemic vasoconstriction, stimulates Aldosterone release
What is Tubular Reabsorption?
Reabsorption of most of the filtrate from the tubules.
What are the two types of reabsorption?
Active Reabsorption (requires ATP) and Passive Reabsorption (doesn't).
What powers the reabsorption of most other molecules?
Na [gradient] powers reabsorption of most other molecules.
Where is Na reabsorption active?
Entire tubule except descending limb of loop.
What percentage of filtrate volume is reabsorbed by the PCT?
65% of filtrate volume is reabsorbed by the PCT.
Where can water be reabsorbed?
Water can be reabsorbed everywhere but the ascending limb of loop and the DCT.
Where can solutes be reabsorbed?
Solutes can be reabsorbed everywhere but the descending limb of loop.
What hormone stimulates Na reabsorption?
Aldosterone stimulates Na (and thus water) reabsorption.
What does Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) do?
ADH stimulates water reabsorption by collecting ducts.
What is the role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?
ANP inhibits Na reabsorption, increasing water loss.
What does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) stimulate?
PTH stimulates Ca reabsorption.
What is Tubular Secretion?
Secretion back into the urine of drugs, urea, uric acid, and some ions.
What is the typical composition of urine?
Urine is 95% water and 5% solutes under normal conditions.
What are some components of urine?
Urea, Na, K, PO4, SO4, Creatinine, Uric Acid, and others.
What is the typical pH of urine?
pH around 6 normally, but can vary due to metabolism or diet.
How long are the ureters?
One ureter exits each kidney and is about 20 cm long in males.
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
Urine storage, can hold 500 ml or more.
What muscle squeezes out urine from the bladder?
Detrusor muscle squeezes out urine.
What are the types of sphincters in the urinary bladder?
Internal (involuntary) and External (voluntary) sphincters.
What is micturition?
Micturition is the process of urination.
What happens to urine smell over time?
Smell becomes more pungent with time as bacteria ammonify the urea.
What happens if you are dying of thirst regarding urine?
You can drink urine, but not repeatedly.
What are the three tissue layers supporting the kidneys?
Renal Fascia, Perirenal Fat Capsule, Fibrous Capsule
What is the function of the Juxtaglomerular Complex (JGC)?
Involved in Tubuloglomerular Feedback Mechanism
What is the Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)?
Outward pressure – inward pressure, about 10 mm Hg net outward
What are the two types of reabsorption?
Active Reabsorption (requires ATP) and Passive Reabsorption (doesn't).
What powers the reabsorption of most other molecules?
Na [gradient] powers reabsorption of most other molecules.
What percentage of filtrate volume is reabsorbed by the PCT?
65% of filtrate volume is reabsorbed by the PCT.
Where can water be reabsorbed?
Water can be reabsorbed everywhere but the ascending limb of loop and the DCT.
Where can solutes be reabsorbed?
Solutes can be reabsorbed everywhere but the descending limb of loop.
What is the role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?
ANP inhibits Na reabsorption, increasing water loss.
What is the typical composition of urine?
Urine is 95% water and 5% solutes under normal conditions.
What are the types of sphincters in the urinary bladder?
Internal (involuntary) and External (voluntary) sphincters.
What happens to urine smell over time?
Smell becomes more pungent with time as bacteria ammonify the urea.
Weet je zeker dat je de volgende 0 flashcard(s) wilt verwijderen? Dit kun je niet ongedaan maken.
Kies tags om te verwijderen uit 0 geselecteerde flashcard(s):
Tags laden...