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Flashcards in this deck (54)

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  • What does la cumbre mean in English?

    • summit
    vocabulary events

  • What is the English translation of desencadenar?

    • to unleash
    vocabulary verbs

  • What does el disparador mean in English?

    • trigger
    vocabulary nouns

  • What is the English meaning of al azar?

    • randomly
    vocabulary adverbs

  • What does sin precedente mean in English?

    • never seen before
    vocabulary phrases

  • How do you translate fuera de registro into English?

    • off the record
    vocabulary phrases

  • What is the English translation of el boceto?

    • sketch
    vocabulary nouns

  • What does sin sustento mean in English?

    • without basis / unsupported
    vocabulary phrases

  • What is the English meaning of radicar?

    • to eradicate
    vocabulary verbs

  • How is propiciar translated into English?

    • to promote
    vocabulary verbs

  • What does difuso/a mean in English?

    • diffuse / fuzzy
    vocabulary adjectives

  • What is the English translation of contrarrestar?

    • to counteract
    vocabulary verbs

  • What does el ámbito mean in English?

    • field / area
    vocabulary nouns

  • How is meterse translated into English?

    • to meddle / to get involved
    vocabulary verbs

  • What is the English meaning of la praxis?

    • practice
    vocabulary nouns

  • How do you translate intervenir into English?

    • to intervene
    vocabulary verbs

  • What does plantear mean in English?

    • to bring up / to propose
    vocabulary verbs

  • What is the English translation of el cerebro?

    • brain
    vocabulary anatomy

  • How is potenciar translated into English?

    • to foster / to strengthen
    vocabulary verbs

  • What does la aleta mean in English?

    • fin / flipper
    vocabulary nouns

  • What is the English meaning of la moratoria?

    • moratorium
    vocabulary policy

  • How do you translate la corriente into English?

    • movement / current
    vocabulary nouns

  • What is the English translation of sancionar?

    • to sanction
    vocabulary verbs

  • How is reglamentar translated into English?

    • to regulate
    vocabulary verbs

  • What does pendiente mean in English?

    • pending
    vocabulary adjectives

  • What is the English meaning of asignar?

    • to assign
    vocabulary verbs

  • How do you translate articular into English?

    • to articulate / to assemble
    vocabulary verbs

  • What is the English translation of el compromiso?

    • commitment
    vocabulary nouns

  • How is entrar en vigor translated into English?

    • to come into effect
    vocabulary phrases

  • What does encarar mean in English?

    • to face
    vocabulary verbs

  • What is the English meaning of el fomento?

    • incentive / promotion
    vocabulary nouns

  • How do you translate el repunte into English?

    • rebound / upturn
    vocabulary nouns

  • What is the English translation of la plantación?

    • plantation
    vocabulary agriculture

  • How is la premisa translated into English?

    • premise
    vocabulary nouns

  • What does el humedal mean in English?

    • wetland
    vocabulary environment

  • What is the meaning of bonaerense in English?

    • from Buenos Aires
    vocabulary regional

  • How do you translate tajante into English?

    • categorical / sharp
    vocabulary adjectives

  • What is the English translation of el cautiverio?

    • captivity
    vocabulary nouns

  • How is silvestre translated into English?

    • wild
    vocabulary adjectives

  • What does el alambrado mean in English?

    • wire fence
    vocabulary nouns

  • What is the English meaning of la sequía?

    • drought
    vocabulary environment

  • How do you translate la agrometeorología into English?

    • agrometeorology
    vocabulary science

  • What does repercutir mean in English?

    • to affect
    vocabulary verbs

  • How is mitigar translated into English?

    • to mitigate
    vocabulary verbs

  • What is the English translation of prever?

    • to foresee / to anticipate
    vocabulary verbs

  • How do you translate afrontar into English?

    • to confront
    vocabulary verbs

  • What does amenaza mean in English?

    • threat
    vocabulary nouns

  • What is the English meaning of la casualidad?

    • chance / coincidence
    vocabulary nouns

  • How is la solicitud translated into English?

    • application / request
    vocabulary nouns

  • What does the phrase ¿Te suena? mean in English?

    • Does it sound familiar?
    vocabulary phrases

  • What is the English meaning of se me va?

    • I’m losing it / it’s slipping my mind
    vocabulary phrases

  • How do you translate los tíos into English?

    • uncles / aunts
    vocabulary family

  • What is the English translation of las normas?

    • rules
    vocabulary policy

  • How is la uni translated into English?

    • university
    vocabulary education
Notatki do nauki

Overview

This list is a compact Spanish–English vocabulary set focused on politics, environment, research, and everyday phrases. Learn the part of speech, core meaning, and short example phrases to use each word.

How to use these notes

  • Focus first on verbs and high-frequency nouns; they form sentence cores.
  • Group words by topic to build contextual memory (policy, environment, people, phrases).
  • Make 2–3 sample sentences per new word and review with spaced repetition.

Verbs (infinitives) — core actions

  • desencadenar — to unleash; to trigger
  • Example: La noticia desencadenó debate. — The news triggered debate.
  • radicar — to eradicate; also "to lie in/consist in" depending on context
  • Example: El problema radica en la falta de datos. — The problem lies in lack of data.
  • propiciar — to promote; to foster
  • Example: Políticas que propicien innovación. — Policies that foster innovation.
  • contrarrestar — to counteract
  • Example: Medidas para contrarrestar efectos negativos.
  • meterse — to meddle; to get involved
  • Example: No te metas en esa discusión.
  • intervenir — to intervene
  • Example: El gobierno intervino en la empresa.
  • plantear — to bring up; to propose
  • Example: Plantearon una nueva solución.
  • potenciar — to strengthen; to boost
  • Example: Programas para potenciar la economía local.
  • sancionar — to sanction; to penalize
  • Example: Multas para sancionar incumplimientos.
  • reglamentar — to regulate
  • Example: Reglamentar el uso del agua.
  • asignar — to assign
  • Example: Asignaron fondos al proyecto.
  • articular — to articulate; to coordinate/assemble
  • Example: Articular políticas públicas.
  • entrar en vigor — to come into effect
  • Example: La ley entra en vigor mañana.
  • encarar — to face; to confront
  • Example: Encarar el problema con datos.
  • repercutir — to affect; to have repercussions
  • Example: La sequía repercute en la agricultura.
  • mitigar — to mitigate
  • Example: Medidas para mitigar daños ambientales.
  • prever — to foresee; to anticipate
  • Example: Prever riesgos climáticos.
  • afrontar — to confront; to tackle
  • Example: Afrontar la crisis económica.

Key nouns — people, policy, environment, objects

  • la cumbre — summit (meeting)
  • Cumbre internacional sobre clima.
  • el disparador — trigger
  • El disparador del conflicto fue la reforma.
  • el boceto — sketch; draft
  • Boceto del plan de acción.
  • la praxis — practice (theory → practice)
  • La praxis profesional requiere experiencia.
  • el cerebro — brain
  • El cerebro procesa la información.
  • la aleta — fin; flipper
  • La aleta del pez.
  • la moratoria — moratorium
  • Moratoria a nuevas licencias de pesca.
  • la corriente — movement; current
  • Corriente política emergente.
  • el compromiso — commitment
  • Asumir compromisos reales.
  • el fomento — incentive; promotion
  • Programas de fomento agrícola.
  • el repunte — rebound; upturn
  • Repunte en las exportaciones.
  • la plantación — plantation
  • Plantación de árboles nativos.
  • la premisa — premise
  • Partir de la premisa de transparencia.
  • el humedal — wetland
  • Protección de humedales costeros.
  • el cautiverio — captivity
  • Animales en cautiverio vs. silvestres.
  • el alambrado — wire fence
  • Instalar alambrado perimetral.
  • la sequía — drought
  • Sequía prolongada en la región.
  • la agrometeorología — agrometeorology
  • Estudios de agrometeorología para cosechas.
  • la solicitud — application; request
  • Enviar la solicitud antes del plazo.
  • los tíos — uncles / aunts (informal family term)
  • Visité a los tíos el fin de semana.
  • las normas — rules; standards
  • Cumplir las normas de seguridad.
  • la uni — short for university
  • Estudio en la uni local.

Adjectives & short expressions

  • al azar — randomly
  • Elegir al azar entre candidatos.
  • sin precedente — unprecedented
  • Una crisis sin precedente.
  • fuera de registro — off the record
  • Comentario fuera de registro.
  • sin sustento — unsupported; without basis
  • Acusación sin sustento.
  • difuso/a — diffuse; fuzzy; unclear
  • Conceptos todavía difusos.
  • pendiente — pending
  • Asunto pendiente de resolución.
  • tajante — categorical; sharp
  • Respuesta tajante del ministro.
  • silvestre — wild
  • Flora silvestre protegida.
  • bonaerense — from Buenos Aires (province)
  • Política bonaerense.

Short phrases & conversational items

  • ¿Te suena? — Does it sound familiar?
  • Use to check recognition: ¿Te suena ese nombre?
  • se me va — I’m losing it; it slips my mind
  • Se me va el nombre del autor.

Thematic groupings (study shortcuts)

  • Policy & governance: la cumbre, sancionar, reglamentar, moratoria, compromiso, entrar en vigor.
  • Environment & agriculture: el humedal, la sequía, la plantación, la agrometeorología, mitigar, repercutir.
  • Research & planning: el boceto, la premisa, prever, propiciar, fomento.
  • Everyday / conversation: ¿Te suena?, se me va, los tíos, la uni.

Common collocations and tips

  • Pair mitigar with impacto/danos (mitigate impact/damage).
  • Entrar en vigor commonly follows una ley/medida.
  • Use propiciar with outcomes: propiciar el diálogo, propiciar cambios.
  • Sin sustento is often used to dismiss claims or evidence.

Quick practice exercises

  1. Pick 6 verbs and write one sentence in Spanish for each, then translate.
  2. Group 8 nouns into two themes and explain the link in one sentence each.
  3. Turn three adjectives into short headlines (e.g., "Crisis sin precedente").

Memory mnemonics (brief)

  • desencadenar → imagine unlocking a chain (cadena) to remember "trigger".
  • fomento → think "foment" = promote growth.
  • humedal → "hume" (wet) → wetland.

Review checklist

  • Can you use each verb in a sentence? Yes / No
  • Do you recognize the nouns in news headlines? Yes / No
  • Can you explain 5 short phrases in conversation? Yes / No