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What is the difference between a reference type and a value type?
Value types hold data directly; reference types store a reference to data. Value types are on the stack; reference types on the heap. Examples: value types - int, bool; reference types - classes, arrays, strings.
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What is a singleton?
A singleton is a design pattern that restricts a class to a single instance throughout the application's lifecycle.
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What is the difference between an array and a List?
Array is fixed-size; List is dynamic and can grow/shrink. Lists provide more functionality like adding/removing elements.
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What is a dictionary/map?
A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs for fast lookups based on keys.
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How does a hashset differ from a dictionary?
A hashset stores unique values and does not allow duplicates; a dictionary uses key-value pairs.
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What is a static field?
A static field belongs to the class itself and is shared across all instances.
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How is a static method called?
A static method is called on the class itself, e.g., ClassName.StaticMethod().
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What is a namespace?
A namespace organizes code and prevents naming conflicts by grouping related types.
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What are common access modifiers in C#?
Public, private, protected, internal, protected internal.
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What is the using statement used for?
The using statement manages resources and ensures IDisposable objects are disposed of properly.
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What is the difference between abstract classes and interfaces?
Abstract classes can have both abstract and concrete methods; interfaces can only declare methods without implementation.
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How does async/await work?
async marks a method as asynchronous; await pauses execution until the awaited task completes.
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What is the yield keyword used for?
To simplify the implementation of iterators when returning values one at a time from a collection.
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What interface is yield commonly used with?
IEnumerable interface.
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What method is used in LINQ to filter results?
The Where method.
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What method is used in LINQ to project or convert?
The Select method.
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What methods are used in LINQ to sort results?
OrderBy and OrderByDescending methods.
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How are IEnumerable and IQueryable similar?
Both are interfaces used for data querying.
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How are IEnumerable and IQueryable different?
IEnumerable executes queries on the client side, while IQueryable executes on the server side.
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What does MVC stand for?
Model-View-Controller.
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What does the Model represent in MVC?
The data and business logic.
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What does the View represent in MVC?
The user interface.
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What does the Controller do in MVC?
Handles user input and interactions, updating the Model and View.
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What are common return types for an MVC action?
ViewResult, JsonResult, RedirectResult, ContentResult, FileResult.
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What is dependency injection?
A design pattern for achieving Inversion of Control between classes and their dependencies.
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Why is dependency injection important?
It makes code more modular, testable, and maintainable.
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What is the Transient scope in DI?
A new instance is created each time it is requested.
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What is the Singleton scope in DI?
A single instance is created and shared throughout the application.
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What is the Scoped scope in DI?
A new instance is created once per request or scope.
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What is middleware in ASP.NET Core?
A component that processes HTTP requests and responses.
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What are filters in ASP.NET MVC?
Used to execute code before or after certain stages of request processing.
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What is model binding in ASP.NET MVC?
Mapping HTTP request data to action method parameters.
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What is attribute routing in ASP.NET MVC?
Defining routes directly on controller actions using attributes.
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What are RESTful principles in Web API development?
Creating APIs that use standard HTTP methods and are stateless.
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What HTTP methods are used in RESTful APIs?
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.
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What methods do REST APIs use?
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE
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What type of URIs do REST APIs provide?
Meaningful resource URIs
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What is a key characteristic of REST APIs?
They are stateless
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What do REST APIs follow to be predictable?
Conventions
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Why are REST APIs easy to use?
They are predictable
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What is the difference between a reference type and a value type?
Value types hold data directly; reference types store a reference to data. Value types are on the stack; reference types on the heap. Examples: value types - int, bool; reference types - classes, arrays, strings.
What is a singleton?
A singleton is a design pattern that restricts a class to a single instance throughout the application's lifecycle.
What is the difference between an array and a List?
Array is fixed-size; List is dynamic and can grow/shrink. Lists provide more functionality like adding/removing elements.
What is a dictionary/map?
A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs for fast lookups based on keys.
How does a hashset differ from a dictionary?
A hashset stores unique values and does not allow duplicates; a dictionary uses key-value pairs.
What is a static field?
A static field belongs to the class itself and is shared across all instances.
How is a static method called?
A static method is called on the class itself, e.g., ClassName.StaticMethod().
What is a namespace?
A namespace organizes code and prevents naming conflicts by grouping related types.
What are common access modifiers in C#?
Public, private, protected, internal, protected internal.
What is the using statement used for?
The using statement manages resources and ensures IDisposable objects are disposed of properly.
What is the difference between abstract classes and interfaces?
Abstract classes can have both abstract and concrete methods; interfaces can only declare methods without implementation.
How does async/await work?
async marks a method as asynchronous; await pauses execution until the awaited task completes.
What is the yield keyword used for?
To simplify the implementation of iterators when returning values one at a time from a collection.
What interface is yield commonly used with?
IEnumerable interface.
What method is used in LINQ to filter results?
The Where method.
What method is used in LINQ to project or convert?
The Select method.
What methods are used in LINQ to sort results?
OrderBy and OrderByDescending methods.
How are IEnumerable and IQueryable similar?
Both are interfaces used for data querying.
How are IEnumerable and IQueryable different?
IEnumerable executes queries on the client side, while IQueryable executes on the server side.
What does MVC stand for?
Model-View-Controller.
What does the Model represent in MVC?
The data and business logic.
What does the View represent in MVC?
The user interface.
What does the Controller do in MVC?
Handles user input and interactions, updating the Model and View.
What are common return types for an MVC action?
ViewResult, JsonResult, RedirectResult, ContentResult, FileResult.
What is dependency injection?
A design pattern for achieving Inversion of Control between classes and their dependencies.
Why is dependency injection important?
It makes code more modular, testable, and maintainable.
What is the Transient scope in DI?
A new instance is created each time it is requested.
What is the Singleton scope in DI?
A single instance is created and shared throughout the application.
What is the Scoped scope in DI?
A new instance is created once per request or scope.
What is middleware in ASP.NET Core?
A component that processes HTTP requests and responses.
What are filters in ASP.NET MVC?
Used to execute code before or after certain stages of request processing.
What is model binding in ASP.NET MVC?
Mapping HTTP request data to action method parameters.
What is attribute routing in ASP.NET MVC?
Defining routes directly on controller actions using attributes.
What are RESTful principles in Web API development?
Creating APIs that use standard HTTP methods and are stateless.
What HTTP methods are used in RESTful APIs?
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.
What methods do REST APIs use?
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE
What type of URIs do REST APIs provide?
Meaningful resource URIs
What is a key characteristic of REST APIs?
They are stateless
What do REST APIs follow to be predictable?
Conventions
Why are REST APIs easy to use?
They are predictable
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