Flashcards neste baralho (80)

• What is a computer?

  An electronic device that accepts data, processes it according to stored instructions, stores results, and produces output.
  computing definitions
• What does data refer to?

  Raw, unorganized facts or figures without context (e.g., numbers, names).
  computing definitions
• What is information?

  Processed or organized data that has meaning and is useful in decision-making.
  computing definitions
• What are the components of the Processing Cycle (IPO Cycle)?

  • Input: Accepts data
  • Processing: Manipulates data
  • Output: Produces results
  • Storage: Saves data and information
  computing processing
• What is hardware in computers?

  Physical components of a computer that can be touched and seen.
  computing hardware
• What are the main categories of hardware?

  • Input Devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse)
  • Output Devices (e.g., monitor, printer)
  • Processing Unit (CPU)
  computing hardware
• What does the CPU do?

  Executes instructions and contains the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) for calculations.
  computing cpu
• What is the main function of a computer?

  Generate electricity

  Process data

  Serve food

  Provide entertainment
  computing functions
• What is meant by the classification of computers?

  Classification based on size, types of data handling, and purpose.
  computing classification
• What does information technology encompass?

  Utilizing computers to process and transmit information.
  computing it
• Identify an input device.

  Keyboard
  computing hardware input
• Identify an output device.

  Monitor
  computing hardware output
• Who is associated with computer intelligence integration?

  ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTER, INTELLIGENCE INTEGRATION
  computing organization
• What does CU stand for in computing?

  Control Unit
  computing hardware
• What is the role of the Control Unit?

  Directs operations of the processor.
  computing hardware
• What is the purpose of Storage Devices?

  Save data.
  computing storage
• What is RAM used for?

  Temporary storage.
  computing storage
• What does a Hard Drive store?

  Permanent data storage.
  computing storage
• Define Software.

  Set of programs that tell the hardware what to do.
  computing software
• What is System Software?

  Manages and operates hardware.
  computing software
• Give examples of System Software.

  • Windows
  • Linux
  • macOS
  computing software
• What is Application Software?

  Helps users accomplish tasks.
  computing software
• Give examples of Application Software.

  • MS Word
  • Excel
  computing software
• What do Utility Programs do?

  Perform maintenance.
  computing software
• Give examples of Utility Programs.

  • Antivirus
  • File compression
  computing software
• Define Peopleware.

  People involved in designing, developing, and using computer systems.
  computing people
• Who are considered Peopleware?

  • Programmers
  • Analysts
  • IT support
  • End-users
  computing people
• What is the importance of Peopleware?

  Without human input, computers cannot operate meaningfully.
  computing people
• What are Supercomputers used for?

  Perform complex scientific calculations.
  computing classification
• What are Mainframes used for?

  Bulk data processing.
  computing classification
• Define Minicomputers.

  Mid-sized computers that support multiple users.
  computing classification
• What characterizes Microcomputers?

  Single-user, most common type of computer.
  computing classification
• What do Analog Computers process?

  Continuous data.
  computing data_handling
• Give examples of Analog Computers.

  • Thermometer
  • Speedometer
  computing data_handling
• What do Digital Computers handle?

  Discrete or binary data.
  computing data_handling
• What do Hybrid Computers do?

  Combine both analog and digital processing.
  computing data_handling
• Give an example of Hybrid Computers.

  Hospital monitoring systems.
  computing data_handling
• What are General-Purpose Computers designed for?

  Perform various tasks like word processing and gaming.
  computing purpose
• Give examples of General-Purpose Computers.

  • Desktops
  • Laptops
  computing purpose
• What defines Special-Purpose Computers?

  Built for specific functions.
  computing purpose
• Give examples of Special-Purpose Computers.

  • ATMs
  • Traffic control systems
  • Embedded controllers
  computing purpose
• What is the speed capability of computers?

  Executes millions of instructions per second.
  computing capabilities
• What indicates a computer's accuracy?

  Produces precise results when properly programmed.
  computing capabilities
• What can computers store?

  Vast amounts of data compactly.
  computing storage
• What is the versatility of computers?

  Can perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
  computing capabilities
• Define automation in computing.

  Performs tasks without continuous human intervention.
  computing automation
• What is the importance of connectivity in computers?

  Can link with other devices or systems via networks.
  computing connectivity
• What does reliability in computers mean?

  Performs repetitive tasks without fatigue or variation.
  computing reliability
• What is a major limitation of computers?

  Dependent on user input; must follow pre-set commands exactly.
  computing limitations
• Do computers have the ability to decide on their own?

  No, they lack the essential elements for decision making.
  computing limitations
• Can computers feel or have emotions?

  No, they cannot feel or have emotions.
  computing limitations
• Can computers implement policies?

  No, only humans can decide and implement policies.
  computing limitations
• What is the earliest computing device?

  Abacus, invented in the 18th Century in China.
  history computing
• Who invented Napier's Logs?

  John Napier

  Unknown

  Wilhelm Von Leibniz

  William Oughtred
  history computing
• What is Oughtred's Slide Rule used for?

  A device for performing multiplication and division based on logarithms.
  history computing
• What year was the Calculator invented?

  1642.
  history computing
• What can the Calculator do?

  Add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers.
  history computing
• What is a significant invention in 1896?

  Punch Card Machine.
  history computing
• Who invented the Automatic Calculating Machine?

  Herman Hollerith
  computing inventions
• What year was the Automatic Calculating Machine invented?

  1897
  computing history
• What does the Automatic Calculating Machine do?

  Automatically reads punched information without human mediation.
  computing technology
• Who invented the modified version of ENIAC?

  John Von Neumann
  computing inventions
• When was the First Generation of computers?

  1946-1959
  computing generations
• Who is recognized for the First Generation of computers?

  Howard Aiken
  computing history
• What operations could the First Generation computers perform?

  All four arithmetic operations.
  computing functions
• What technology was used for data storage in the First Generation?

  Vacuum tubes.
  computing technology
• What was the year range for the Second Generation of computers?

  1959-1965
  computing generations
• What was the Analytical Engine designed to do?

  Calculate and print mathematical tables.
  computing history
• Who invented the Analytical Engine?

  Charles Babbage
  computing inventions
• What did the Differential Analyzer calculate?

  Artillery trajectories during World War II.
  computing history
• Who invented the Differential Analyzer?

  Dr. Vannevar Bush
  computing inventions
• When was the ENIAC developed?

  1943-1946
  computing history
• Who were the inventors of ENIAC?

  Presper Eckert Jr. and John Mauchly
  computing inventions
• What was significant about EDVAC?

  It used transistors, diodes, and magnetic storage.
  computing technology
• When did the Third Generation of computers take place?

  1965-1971
  computing generations
• What technology improvements defined the Third Generation?

  Integrated solid-state circuitry and improved storage.
  computing technology
• Who invented the Integrated Circuit (IC)?

  Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby
  computing inventions
• What years did the Fourth Generation occur?

  1971-1980
  computing generations
• What areas advanced in the Fourth Generation of computers?

  Multiprocessing, multiprogramming, and microprocessors.
  computing technology
• What is the primary function of a microprocessor?

  Perform logical and arithmetic functions.
  computing components