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What are the levels of measurement in statistics?
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What is reported for Nominal measurement?
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What should be reported for Interval measurement?
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What is reported for Ordinal measurement?
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What should be reported for Ratio measurement?
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How to determine if the DV is continuous or categorical?
Identify if the dependent variable (DV) is measured on a continuous scale or in categories.
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What test is used for a Continuous DV and Categorical IV?
ANOVA
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What tests are used for Continuous DV and Continuous IV?
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Which test applies to Continuous DV and Repeated Categorical IV?
Repeated Measures ANOVA
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What test is used for Categorical DV and Categorical IV?
Chi-Square
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What test is used for Categorical DV and Continuous or Categorical IV?
Logistic Regression
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What are the key assumptions for ANOVA?
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What additional assumption does Repeated Measures ANOVA require?
Sphericity
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What are the key assumptions for Correlation tests?
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What assumptions are needed for Linear Regression?
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What are the assumptions for Multiple/Hierarchical Regression?
Same as Linear Regression
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What is a key assumption for Regression?
Expected cell counts ≥ 5 and independence.
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List a key assumption for Chi-square tests.
Linearity of logit for continuous predictors; no multicollinearity.
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What is a primary condition for Logistic Regression?
No linear assumptions; needs enough sample size; prone to overfitting.
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Outline a requirement for CART models.
No linear assumptions; needs enough sample size; prone to overfitting.
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When should you report the Mean?
If the variable is continuous (nominal); along with frequency.
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Under which condition should you report the Median?
If there are outliers.
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When is the Mode reported?
If categorical (interval, ratio, ordinal); including range and standard deviation.
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Which test is used when you have 1 continuous DV and 1 categorical IV?
ANOVA
Chi-Square
Correlation
Logistic regression
Which test is used when you have 1 continuous DV and 1 categorical IV?
ANOVA
Chi-Square
Correlation
Logistic regression
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What type of ANOVA involves repeated measures on participants?
Logistic ANOVA
One-Way ANOVA
RM ANOVA
Two-Way ANOVA
What type of ANOVA involves repeated measures on participants?
Logistic ANOVA
One-Way ANOVA
RM ANOVA
Two-Way ANOVA
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When should Linear regression be applied?
2 variable DV + 1 continuous IV
2 categorical DV
1 cat DV + 1 continuous IV
Correlation
When should Linear regression be applied?
2 variable DV + 1 continuous IV
2 categorical DV
1 cat DV + 1 continuous IV
Correlation
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What assumptions are checked for between subjects design?
Multicollinearity, Linearity, Lack of overfitting
Normality, Homogeneity of variance, Independence of Observations
What assumptions are checked for between subjects design?
Multicollinearity, Linearity, Lack of overfitting
Normality, Homogeneity of variance, Independence of Observations
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Why is random assignment to treatments important?
It helps ensure that treatment groups are equivalent in all respects, reducing bias.
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What do we check for in RM ANOVA?
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When are Post Hoc Tests conducted?
Only if ANOVA is significant.
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What does Tukey HSD do?
It conducts pairwise comparisons between conditions.
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What is reported after a Shapiro-Wilk test?
State normal distribution or not with variable= W(x)=, p=x.
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What does a Levene's test assess?
Homogeneity of variance.
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What is the implication of a significant one-way ANOVA?
There is a significant relationship between x & y.
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What is the role of the Mauchly's test?
It checks for sphericity in repeated measures ANOVA.
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What is a Bivariate Correlation?
Measures the direction and degree of the linear relationship between two continuous variables.
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When is Spearman Correlation used?
For ordinal variables.
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What does linear regression analyze?
The relationship between one dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
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What are key concepts in analyzing research data?
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What does a change in one variable indicate in a linear relationship?
There is a constant change in the second variable.
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What are the assumptions for linear regression?
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What does the presence of outliers affect in regression analysis?
They violate the assumption of linear regression.
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What does a significant positive correlation indicate?
X is related to Y; example: r(x)=0.384, p<0.05.
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What is the equation of a simple linear regression line?
y = bX + a
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When should multiple regression be used?
When there are multiple predictors and one continuous outcome.
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List the assumptions needed for multiple regression.
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What indicates multicollinearity in multiple regression?
Tolerance < 0.2 and VIF > 10.
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What are the levels of measurement in statistics?
What is reported for Nominal measurement?
What should be reported for Interval measurement?
What is reported for Ordinal measurement?
What should be reported for Ratio measurement?
How to determine if the DV is continuous or categorical?
Identify if the dependent variable (DV) is measured on a continuous scale or in categories.
What test is used for a Continuous DV and Categorical IV?
ANOVA
What tests are used for Continuous DV and Continuous IV?
Which test applies to Continuous DV and Repeated Categorical IV?
Repeated Measures ANOVA
What test is used for Categorical DV and Categorical IV?
Chi-Square
What test is used for Categorical DV and Continuous or Categorical IV?
Logistic Regression
What are the key assumptions for ANOVA?
What additional assumption does Repeated Measures ANOVA require?
Sphericity
What are the key assumptions for Correlation tests?
What assumptions are needed for Linear Regression?
What are the assumptions for Multiple/Hierarchical Regression?
Same as Linear Regression
What is a key assumption for Regression?
Expected cell counts ≥ 5 and independence.
List a key assumption for Chi-square tests.
Linearity of logit for continuous predictors; no multicollinearity.
What is a primary condition for Logistic Regression?
No linear assumptions; needs enough sample size; prone to overfitting.
Outline a requirement for CART models.
No linear assumptions; needs enough sample size; prone to overfitting.
When should you report the Mean?
If the variable is continuous (nominal); along with frequency.
Under which condition should you report the Median?
If there are outliers.
When is the Mode reported?
If categorical (interval, ratio, ordinal); including range and standard deviation.
Which test is used when you have 1 continuous DV and 1 categorical IV?
ANOVA
Chi-Square
Correlation
Logistic regression
What type of ANOVA involves repeated measures on participants?
Logistic ANOVA
One-Way ANOVA
RM ANOVA
Two-Way ANOVA
When should Linear regression be applied?
2 variable DV + 1 continuous IV
2 categorical DV
1 cat DV + 1 continuous IV
Correlation
What assumptions are checked for between subjects design?
Multicollinearity, Linearity, Lack of overfitting
Normality, Homogeneity of variance, Independence of Observations
Why is random assignment to treatments important?
It helps ensure that treatment groups are equivalent in all respects, reducing bias.
What do we check for in RM ANOVA?
When are Post Hoc Tests conducted?
Only if ANOVA is significant.
What does Tukey HSD do?
It conducts pairwise comparisons between conditions.
What is reported after a Shapiro-Wilk test?
State normal distribution or not with variable= W(x)=, p=x.
What does a Levene's test assess?
Homogeneity of variance.
What is the implication of a significant one-way ANOVA?
There is a significant relationship between x & y.
What is the role of the Mauchly's test?
It checks for sphericity in repeated measures ANOVA.
What is a Bivariate Correlation?
Measures the direction and degree of the linear relationship between two continuous variables.
When is Spearman Correlation used?
For ordinal variables.
What does linear regression analyze?
The relationship between one dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
What are key concepts in analyzing research data?
What does a change in one variable indicate in a linear relationship?
There is a constant change in the second variable.
What are the assumptions for linear regression?
What does the presence of outliers affect in regression analysis?
They violate the assumption of linear regression.
What does a significant positive correlation indicate?
X is related to Y; example: r(x)=0.384, p<0.05.
What is the equation of a simple linear regression line?
y = bX + a
When should multiple regression be used?
When there are multiple predictors and one continuous outcome.
List the assumptions needed for multiple regression.
What indicates multicollinearity in multiple regression?
Tolerance < 0.2 and VIF > 10.
| DV Type | IV Type | Test |
|---|---|---|
| Continuous | Categorical | ANOVA |
| Continuous | Continuous | Correlation or Regression |
| Continuous | Categorical (repeated) | RM-ANOVA |
| Categorical | Categorical | Chi-Square |
| Categorical | Cont or Cat | Logistic Regression |
| Test | Key Assumptions |
|---|---|
| ANOVA | Normality, Homogeneity of Variance, Independence |
| RM-ANOVA | Plus Sphericity |
| Correlation | Linearity, No Major Outliers |
| Linear Regression | Linearity, Homoscedasticity, Normal Residuals |
| Multiple/Hierarchical | Same as above |
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