这些记忆卡还没保存——离开页面后会消失。创建一个免费账户来保留它们，并解锁下面的所有功能。
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers produced by glands that control: - Heart rate - Blood pressure - Metabolism - Mineral concentration - Stress reactions
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What substances are secreted by the adrenal cortex?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the principal mineralocorticoid?
Aldosterone
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the principal glucocorticoid?
Cortisol
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What regulates aldosterone secretion?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the source of adrenocortical hormones?
Cholesterol
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the regulatory system for aldosterone?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are the renal effects of aldosterone?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What happens with excessive aldosterone?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What happens with deficient aldosterone?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What causes hypersecretion of aldosterone?
Adrenal tumors in the zona glomerulosa cells
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are the clinical findings of aldosterone hypersecretion?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What does aldosterone promote in the body?
Sodium reabsorption in: - Sweat glands - Salivary glands - Intestines (colon)
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What happens in the absence of aldosterone?
Diarrhea due to inability to absorb NaCl and therefore water
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What stimulates the release of ACTH?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
When does cortisol peak during the day?
↑ in the morning, ↓ in the evening
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are the effects of Glucocorticoids (GCC)?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the effect of cortisol on lipid metabolism?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the effect of cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What triggers cortisol secretion?
Stress, including: - Trauma - Infection - Heat/cold - Surgery - Restraints - Disease
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the role of cortisol during stress?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What can excessive cortisol lead to in muscles?
Muscle weakness, making it difficult to rise from squatting
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What results from plasma leakage during inflammation?
Nonpitting edema.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What does cortisol do in the inflammatory process?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
How does cortisol affect capillary permeability?
It decreases capillary permeability, leading to less edema.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What happens to lymphoid tissues with cortisol?
They undergo atrophy, leading to decreased immunity.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are the three cycles of sleep?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What regulates sleep?
The HPA axis (Hypothalamic - pituitary- adrenal axis).
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is gluconeogenesis?
It is the synthesis of glucose from proteins and fats (happens in the liver)
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are adrenal androgens?
They are male sex hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, such as DHEA and androstenedione.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are the three types of hormonal abnormalities?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is Cushing’s syndrome?
It is caused by hypersecretion of corticosteroids, leading to excess cortisol.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What causes Addison’s disease?
It is caused by hyposecretion of corticosteroids.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is Cushing syndrome?
A constellation of clinical abnormalities caused by chronic high blood levels of cortisol or related corticosteroids.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What causes Cushing disease?
Excess pituitary production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), generally due to a pituitary adenoma.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are common symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the ACTH level in Iatrogenic and Adrenal tumor cases?
Both show ↓ ACTH levels.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is Addison’s disease?
Adrenal insufficiency characterized by hypofunction of all three layers of the adrenal cortex.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are the effects of insufficient glucocorticoids in Addison’s disease?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What happens due to insufficient mineralocorticoids in Addison’s disease?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the ACTH level in Primary Addison’s disease?
↑ ACTH because the problem is with the gland.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the ACTH level in Secondary Addison’s disease?
↓ ACTH because the problem is with the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are the effects of cortisol in inflammation?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
How are sleep and cortisol related?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is Cushing’s Syndrome?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are the signs & symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What laboratory values are associated with Addison’s disease?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the difference between primary and secondary Addison’s disease?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the role of ACTH in Cushing’s Syndrome?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are adrenal androgens?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What triggers adrenal steroid synthesis?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
Aldosterone affects sodium reabsorption within which structures? (Excluding the kidneys)
Sweat glands, salivary glands, intestine/ colon.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What happens to skeletal muscles as a result of gluconeogenesis?
They're broken down; the amino acids are taken to be used as substrates and act as antagonists to insulin.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
How can cortisol be beneficial during times of starvation and other stress?
It assists the body to use fatty acids for energy and to conserve glucose.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
How does cortisol affect allergies?
Blocks inflammatory cascade from an allergic response.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
How does cortisol affect bone health?
It activates osteoclasts, and causes apoptosis of osteoblasts, in relation to osteoporosis
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
How does cortisol affect immunity?
It decreases immunity due to atrophy of lymphoid tissues.
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is autoimmune adrenalitis?
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What does angiotensin I form from?
Angiotensinogen
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
Where is ACE released from?
Lungs
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What does angiotensin II stimulate in the adrenal gland?
Release of Aldosterone
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What does aldosterone stimulate in the kidneys?
Reabsorption of salt (NaCl) and water (H2O)
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What does ACTH stand for?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What is the role of GRH?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
在这里浏览你的卡片，或 sign up to study with spaced repetition.
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers produced by glands that control: - Heart rate - Blood pressure - Metabolism - Mineral concentration - Stress reactions
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?
What substances are secreted by the adrenal cortex?
What is the principal mineralocorticoid?
Aldosterone
What is the principal glucocorticoid?
Cortisol
What regulates aldosterone secretion?
What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex?
What is the source of adrenocortical hormones?
Cholesterol
What is the regulatory system for aldosterone?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
What are the renal effects of aldosterone?
What happens with excessive aldosterone?
What happens with deficient aldosterone?
What causes hypersecretion of aldosterone?
Adrenal tumors in the zona glomerulosa cells
What are the clinical findings of aldosterone hypersecretion?
What does aldosterone promote in the body?
Sodium reabsorption in: - Sweat glands - Salivary glands - Intestines (colon)
What happens in the absence of aldosterone?
Diarrhea due to inability to absorb NaCl and therefore water
What stimulates the release of ACTH?
When does cortisol peak during the day?
↑ in the morning, ↓ in the evening
What are the effects of Glucocorticoids (GCC)?
What is the effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
What is the effect of cortisol on lipid metabolism?
What is the effect of cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism?
What triggers cortisol secretion?
Stress, including: - Trauma - Infection - Heat/cold - Surgery - Restraints - Disease
What is the role of cortisol during stress?
What can excessive cortisol lead to in muscles?
Muscle weakness, making it difficult to rise from squatting
What results from plasma leakage during inflammation?
Nonpitting edema.
What does cortisol do in the inflammatory process?
How does cortisol affect capillary permeability?
It decreases capillary permeability, leading to less edema.
What happens to lymphoid tissues with cortisol?
They undergo atrophy, leading to decreased immunity.
What are the three cycles of sleep?
What regulates sleep?
The HPA axis (Hypothalamic - pituitary- adrenal axis).
What is gluconeogenesis?
It is the synthesis of glucose from proteins and fats (happens in the liver)
What are adrenal androgens?
They are male sex hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, such as DHEA and androstenedione.
What are the three types of hormonal abnormalities?
What is Cushing’s syndrome?
It is caused by hypersecretion of corticosteroids, leading to excess cortisol.
What causes Addison’s disease?
It is caused by hyposecretion of corticosteroids.
What is Cushing syndrome?
A constellation of clinical abnormalities caused by chronic high blood levels of cortisol or related corticosteroids.
What causes Cushing disease?
Excess pituitary production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), generally due to a pituitary adenoma.
What are common symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?
What is the ACTH level in Iatrogenic and Adrenal tumor cases?
Both show ↓ ACTH levels.
What is Addison’s disease?
Adrenal insufficiency characterized by hypofunction of all three layers of the adrenal cortex.
What are the effects of insufficient glucocorticoids in Addison’s disease?
What happens due to insufficient mineralocorticoids in Addison’s disease?
What is the ACTH level in Primary Addison’s disease?
↑ ACTH because the problem is with the gland.
What is the ACTH level in Secondary Addison’s disease?
↓ ACTH because the problem is with the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.
What are the effects of cortisol in inflammation?
How are sleep and cortisol related?
What is Cushing’s Syndrome?
What are the signs & symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome?
What laboratory values are associated with Addison’s disease?
What is the difference between primary and secondary Addison’s disease?
What is the role of ACTH in Cushing’s Syndrome?
What are adrenal androgens?
What triggers adrenal steroid synthesis?
Aldosterone affects sodium reabsorption within which structures? (Excluding the kidneys)
Sweat glands, salivary glands, intestine/ colon.
What happens to skeletal muscles as a result of gluconeogenesis?
They're broken down; the amino acids are taken to be used as substrates and act as antagonists to insulin.
How can cortisol be beneficial during times of starvation and other stress?
It assists the body to use fatty acids for energy and to conserve glucose.
How does cortisol affect allergies?
Blocks inflammatory cascade from an allergic response.
How does cortisol affect bone health?
It activates osteoclasts, and causes apoptosis of osteoblasts, in relation to osteoporosis
How does cortisol affect immunity?
It decreases immunity due to atrophy of lymphoid tissues.
What is autoimmune adrenalitis?
What does angiotensin I form from?
Angiotensinogen
Where is ACE released from?
Lungs
What does angiotensin II stimulate in the adrenal gland?
Release of Aldosterone
What does aldosterone stimulate in the kidneys?
Reabsorption of salt (NaCl) and water (H2O)
What does ACTH stand for?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
What is the role of GRH?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
你确定要删除 0 张抽认卡？此操作无法撤销。
选择要移除的标签，从 0 所选卡片中：
正在加载标签...