Flashcards in this deck (50)

• What ligament divides the liver into two lobes?

  Falciform ligament
  anatomy liver
• What is the functional unit of the liver?

  Lobule
  anatomy liver
• Which blood vessel supplies oxygen-rich blood to the liver?

  Hepatic artery
  anatomy circulation
• What vessel supplies nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract to the liver?

  Portal vein
  anatomy circulation
• Which liver cells perform major liver functions?

  Hepatocytes
  cell_biology liver
• What macrophages are found in the liver?

  Kupffer cells
  anatomy immunology
• What enzyme converts heme to biliverdin?

  Heme oxidase
  biochemistry enzymes
• What converts biliverdin to unconjugated bilirubin?

  Biliverdin reductase
  biochemistry enzymes
• Which protein does unconjugated bilirubin bind to in the blood?

  Albumin
  biochemistry proteins
• What enzyme converts unconjugated bilirubin to conjugated bilirubin?

  UDPGT (uridine diphosphate glucoronosyl transferase)
  biochemistry enzymes
• What is the water-soluble form of bilirubin?

  Conjugated bilirubin
  biochemistry bilirubin
• What substance is conjugated bilirubin converted to in the intestine?

  Urobilinogen
  biochemistry bilirubin
• What is the brown pigment found in feces?

  Stercobilin
  biochemistry pigments
• What is another term for unconjugated bilirubin?

  B1
  biochemistry bilirubin
• What is another term for conjugated bilirubin?

  B2
  biochemistry bilirubin
• What is the process of storing glucose as glycogen?

  Glycogenesis
  biochemistry metabolism
• What is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose called?

  Glycogenolysis
  biochemistry metabolism
• What is the synthesis of glucose from non-sugar substances?

  Gluconeogenesis
  biochemistry metabolism
• What condition causes yellow discoloration due to elevated bilirubin?

  Jaundice
  pathology bilirubin
• What is pre-hepatic jaundice caused by?

  Problems prior to liver metabolism
  pathology jaundice
• What causes hepatic jaundice?

  Liver function impairment
  pathology jaundice
• What causes post-hepatic jaundice?

  Biliary obstruction
  pathology jaundice
• What genetic syndrome results in impaired bilirubin uptake in hepatocytes?

  Gilbert's syndrome
  genetics pathology
• What syndrome involves impaired conjugation due to absence of UDPGT?

  Crigler-Najjar syndrome
  genetics pathology
• What syndrome is characterized by failure to excrete conjugated bilirubin into bile?

  Dubin-Johnson syndrome
  genetics pathology
• What condition in infants is caused by the absence of UDPGT?

  Physiologic jaundice of the newborn
  pediatrics pathology
• What severe neurological condition is caused by B1 build-up in newborns?

  Kernicterus
  neurology pathology
• What condition involves scar tissue replacing healthy liver tissue?

  Cirrhosis
  pathology liver
• What is the most common cause of cirrhosis?

  Chronic alcoholism
  pathology liver
• What is the most common malignant tumor in the liver?

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
  oncology liver
• What does the albumin test measure?

  Albumin/Total Protein
  liver tests
• What is assessed by measuring liver enzymes?

  Liver function and damage
  liver tests
• What does Prothrombin Time assess?

  Synthesis function of the liver
  liver tests
• What is measured for detoxification of the liver?

  Ammonia
  liver tests
• What is the preferred specimen for bilirubin testing?

  Serum/Plasma
  liver bilirubin
• What principle is used in bilirubin testing methods?

  Van den Berg reaction
  liver bilirubin
• What accelerator is used in the Malloy-Evelyn method?

  50% methanol
  liver bilirubin
• What accelerates the Jendrassik and Grof method?

  caffeine sodium benzoate or caffeine-benzoate acetate
  liver bilirubin
• What disease is associated with children using aspirin?

  Reye's Syndrome
  health aspirin
• What type of jaundice is also called unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia?

  Pre-hepatic Jaundice
  liver jaundice
• The liver is capable of what?

  regenerating cells
  liver function
• The right lobe of the liver is approximately how many times larger than the left lobe?

  6
  liver anatomy
• Approximately how many mL of blood pass through the liver per minute?

  1,500
  liver blood_flow
• The liver is the storage site for all what kinds of vitamins?

  fat-soluble and water-soluble
  liver vitamins
• Noticeable jaundice occurs at bilirubin levels of?

  3.0-5.0 mg/dL
  liver bilirubin
• In Gilbert's syndrome, which gene has a mutation?

  UGT1A1
  genetics liver
• What is deficient in Dubin-Johnson syndrome?

  canalicular multidrug resistance/multispecific organic anionic transporter (MDR2/cMOAT)
  genetics liver
• Alcohol-induced liver injury has how many stages?

  3
  liver injury
• What indicates clay-colored stool?

  B2 (conjugated bilirubin) does not reach the intestine
  liver stools
• Metastatic tumors in the liver are how common compared to primary tumors?

  more common
  cancer liver