What is the immediate energy system also known as?
Aerobic oxidation
Anaerobic glycolysis
ATP-PCr system
Lactate system
What is the immediate energy system also known as?
Aerobic oxidation
Anaerobic glycolysis
ATP-PCr system
Lactate system
How long does the immediate energy system provide energy for?
30 seconds
2–5 seconds
6–8 seconds
10–15 seconds
How long does the immediate energy system provide energy for?
30 seconds
2–5 seconds
6–8 seconds
10–15 seconds
What does the short-term energy system primarily use?
Protein
Glucose
Fatty acids
Intramuscular glycogen
What does the short-term energy system primarily use?
Protein
Glucose
Fatty acids
Intramuscular glycogen
What is produced when pyruvate is converted at high intensity?
ATP
Lactate
PCr
Glucose
What is produced when pyruvate is converted at high intensity?
ATP
Lactate
PCr
Glucose
Hva påvirker omdannelsen av pyruvat til laktat?
Antall og størrelse på mitokondrier
LDH-enzymaktivitet
Oksygentilgjengelighet
Hastigheten på glykolysen
Hva påvirker omdannelsen av pyruvat til laktat?
Antall og størrelse på mitokondrier
LDH-enzymaktivitet
Oksygentilgjengelighet
Hastigheten på glykolysen
Hva er laktat?
En type protein
Kun en muskelforbindelse
Et avfallsprodukt
En energikilde
Hva er laktat?
En type protein
Kun en muskelforbindelse
Et avfallsprodukt
En energikilde
Hva er VO2maks-verdien for gjennomsnittlige voksne menn?
~42 ml/kg/min
~180 ml/kg/min
~38 ml/kg/min
~97,5 ml/kg/min
Hva er VO2maks-verdien for gjennomsnittlige voksne menn?
~42 ml/kg/min
~180 ml/kg/min
~38 ml/kg/min
~97,5 ml/kg/min
Hva er den primære energikilden for aktiviteter som varer utover 3 minutter?
Fettforbrenning
Anaerob energikilde
Langtids energisystem
Kortsiktig energisystem
Hva er den primære energikilden for aktiviteter som varer utover 3 minutter?
Fettforbrenning
Anaerob energikilde
Langtids energisystem
Kortsiktig energisystem
Hva er laktatterskelen hos eliteutholdenhetsutøvere?
~42 ml/kg/min
~55% av VO2maks
~75% av VO2maks
85-90% av VO2maks
Hva er laktatterskelen hos eliteutholdenhetsutøvere?
~42 ml/kg/min
~55% av VO2maks
~75% av VO2maks
85-90% av VO2maks
Hvilket energisystem dominerer i løpet av de første 5 sekundene av trening?
Fettoksidasjon
Glykolyse
ATP-PCr
Aerobt system
Hvilket energisystem dominerer i løpet av de første 5 sekundene av trening?
Fettoksidasjon
Glykolyse
ATP-PCr
Aerobt system
Hva er den omtrentlige andelen aerob energi ved 1500 m løp?
~50 %
~70 %
<10 %
<blockquote>
80 %
</blockquote>
Hva er den omtrentlige andelen aerob energi ved 1500 m løp?
~50 %
~70 %
<10 %
<blockquote>
80 %
</blockquote>
Hvor mange ATP produseres fra glykolyse når glykogen brukes?
4 ATP
2 ATP
3 ATP
1 ATP
Hvor mange ATP produseres fra glykolyse når glykogen brukes?
4 ATP
2 ATP
3 ATP
1 ATP
Hvilke faktorer bestemmer laktatproduksjon?
Fettoksidasjon
Oksygennivå
Glykolyse-hastighet
Karbohydratnivå
Hvilke faktorer bestemmer laktatproduksjon?
Fettoksidasjon
Oksygennivå
Glykolyse-hastighet
Karbohydratnivå
Hva er hovedorganet for glukoneogenese?
Nyrer
Leveren
Tarm
Muskler
Hva er hovedorganet for glukoneogenese?
Nyrer
Leveren
Tarm
Muskler
Hva betyr OBLA i sammenheng med laktat?
Over Blood Lactate Amount
Optimal Blood Lactate Activity
Oxygen Blood Level Assessment
Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation
Hva betyr OBLA i sammenheng med laktat?
Over Blood Lactate Amount
Optimal Blood Lactate Activity
Oxygen Blood Level Assessment
Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation
Hva skjer med laktatterskelen ved trening?
Den forblir uendret
Den senker laktatnivået
Den øker laktatproduksjonen
Den flytter laktatkurven til høyre
Hva skjer med laktatterskelen ved trening?
Den forblir uendret
Den senker laktatnivået
Den øker laktatproduksjonen
Den flytter laktatkurven til høyre
Hva er forskjellen mellom laktat og melkesyre?
Laktat er en type melkesyre
De er forskjellige molekyler
Melkesyre er mer energisk
De er identiske
Hva er forskjellen mellom laktat og melkesyre?
Laktat er en type melkesyre
De er forskjellige molekyler
Melkesyre er mer energisk
De er identiske
Hva måler fosfor-magnetresonansspektroskopi (P-MRS)?
PCr og uorganisk fosfat
Kroppstemperatur og pH
Laktat og glukose
Blodtrykk og hjertefrekvens
Hva måler fosfor-magnetresonansspektroskopi (P-MRS)?
PCr og uorganisk fosfat
Kroppstemperatur og pH
Laktat og glukose
Blodtrykk og hjertefrekvens
Hva er formelen for arbeid?
Arbeid (joule) = kraft (newton) × avstand (meter)
Effekt (watt) = arbeid ÷ tid (J/s)
Effekt (watt) = kraft (newton) × avstand (meter)
Arbeid (joule) = kraft (watt) × tid (sekunder)
Hva er formelen for arbeid?
Arbeid (joule) = kraft (newton) × avstand (meter)
Effekt (watt) = arbeid ÷ tid (J/s)
Effekt (watt) = kraft (newton) × avstand (meter)
Arbeid (joule) = kraft (watt) × tid (sekunder)
Hva brukes blodlaktatmåling til?
Å analysere muskelstruktur
Å bestemme kroppstemperatur
Å vise anaerob terskel
Å måle oksygenopptak
Hva brukes blodlaktatmåling til?
Å analysere muskelstruktur
Å bestemme kroppstemperatur
Å vise anaerob terskel
Å måle oksygenopptak
Hva skjer med anaerob terskel ved aerob trening?
Den øker i varighet
Den senkes til lavere intensitet
Den forskyves til høyere intensitet
Den forblir uendret
Hva skjer med anaerob terskel ved aerob trening?
Den øker i varighet
Den senkes til lavere intensitet
Den forskyves til høyere intensitet
Den forblir uendret
Hva er EPOC?
Ingen sammenheng med trening
Lavere O2-forbruk under trening
Redusert energiforbruk etter trening
Forhøyet O2-forbruk etter trening
Hva er EPOC?
Ingen sammenheng med trening
Lavere O2-forbruk under trening
Redusert energiforbruk etter trening
Forhøyet O2-forbruk etter trening
Hvilken metode måler O2-forbruk og CO2-produksjon?
Åpen spirometri
Ficks ligning
Direkte kalorimetri
Indirekte kalorimetri
Hvilken metode måler O2-forbruk og CO2-produksjon?
Åpen spirometri
Ficks ligning
Direkte kalorimetri
Indirekte kalorimetri
Hvilken rolle har bukspyttkjertelen?
Øker kroppstemperaturen
Produserer ATP
Regulerer blodsukkeret
Lagrer energi
Hvilken rolle har bukspyttkjertelen?
Øker kroppstemperaturen
Produserer ATP
Regulerer blodsukkeret
Lagrer energi
Hva skjer ved høyt blodsukker?
Leveren frigjør glukose
Betaceller frigjør insulin
Alfaceller frigjør glukagon
Blodsukkeret øker
Hva skjer ved høyt blodsukker?
Leveren frigjør glukose
Betaceller frigjør insulin
Alfaceller frigjør glukagon
Blodsukkeret øker
Hva er konverteringen fra kcal til kJ?
1 kcal = 4,186 kJ
1 kcal = 1,5 kJ
1 kcal = 2,5 kJ
1 kcal = 3,6 kJ
Hva er konverteringen fra kcal til kJ?
1 kcal = 4,186 kJ
1 kcal = 1,5 kJ
1 kcal = 2,5 kJ
1 kcal = 3,6 kJ
What is the role of GLUT-transporters in glucose transport?
They actively transport glucose against the gradient
They transport glucose passively across the membrane
They are involved in insulin production
They store glucose in the liver
What is the role of GLUT-transporters in glucose transport?
They actively transport glucose against the gradient
They transport glucose passively across the membrane
They are involved in insulin production
They store glucose in the liver
What condition is characterized by no insulin production?
Hypoglycemia
Type 2 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
Insulin resistance
What condition is characterized by no insulin production?
Hypoglycemia
Type 2 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
Insulin resistance
Which enzyme is rate-limiting in glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase
Hexokinase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Which enzyme is rate-limiting in glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase
Hexokinase
Lactate dehydrogenase
How is aerobic energy measured?
Calorimetry/spirometry
Muscle biopsy
MR-spectroscopy
Lactate measurement
How is aerobic energy measured?
Calorimetry/spirometry
Muscle biopsy
MR-spectroscopy
Lactate measurement
What is the SI unit for work?
Kilogram (kg)
Newton (N)
Joule (J)
Watt (W)
What is the SI unit for work?
Kilogram (kg)
Newton (N)
Joule (J)
Watt (W)
What are the three energy systems during exercise?
Immediate, short-term, long-term
Strength, endurance, flexibility
Anaerobic, aerobic, lactate
Sprint, marathon, weightlifting
What are the three energy systems during exercise?
Immediate, short-term, long-term
Strength, endurance, flexibility
Anaerobic, aerobic, lactate
Sprint, marathon, weightlifting
Which exercise is associated with short-term energy system?
Walking
Marathon
100m dash
Weightlifting
Which exercise is associated with short-term energy system?
Walking
Marathon
100m dash
Weightlifting
What is the focus of MET 2 course?
Energy Transfer during Exercise
Nutrition for Athletes
Cardiovascular Health
Muscle Anatomy
What is the focus of MET 2 course?
Energy Transfer during Exercise
Nutrition for Athletes
Cardiovascular Health
Muscle Anatomy
Which activity primarily uses the immediate energy system?
Weightlifting
100m dash
Cycling
Marathon
Which activity primarily uses the immediate energy system?
Weightlifting
100m dash
Cycling
Marathon
What is the immediate energy system primarily used for?
Long-distance running
Cycling for over an hour
Endurance swimming
Ultra-short duration activities (less than 6-8 seconds)
What is the immediate energy system primarily used for?
Long-distance running
Cycling for over an hour
Endurance swimming
Ultra-short duration activities (less than 6-8 seconds)
What is the primary energy source in the ATP-PCr system?
Lactic acid
Fatty acids
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Glucose
What is the primary energy source in the ATP-PCr system?
Lactic acid
Fatty acids
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Glucose
Which of the following activities primarily utilizes the immediate energy system?
Cross-country skiing
Yoga
Weightlifting
Marathon running
Which of the following activities primarily utilizes the immediate energy system?
Cross-country skiing
Yoga
Weightlifting
Marathon running
What is produced during the ATP-PCr system?
Water
Lactate
No lactate is formed
Carbon dioxide
What is produced during the ATP-PCr system?
Water
Lactate
No lactate is formed
Carbon dioxide
What characterizes the short-term energy system?
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic oxidation
Fat oxidation
Phosphagen system
What characterizes the short-term energy system?
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic oxidation
Fat oxidation
Phosphagen system
What is the primary energy system used during short-duration, high-intensity exercise?
Oxidative System
Phosphagen System
Aerobic Glycolysis
Anaerobic Glycolysis
What is the primary energy system used during short-duration, high-intensity exercise?
Oxidative System
Phosphagen System
Aerobic Glycolysis
Anaerobic Glycolysis
What is the main substrate for anaerobic glycolysis?
Protein
Glycogen
Fatty acids
Creatine
What is the main substrate for anaerobic glycolysis?
Protein
Glycogen
Fatty acids
Creatine
What is produced when lactate accumulates faster than it can be cleared?
Lactate
ATP
Acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate
What is produced when lactate accumulates faster than it can be cleared?
Lactate
ATP
Acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate
Which enzyme is responsible for converting lactate to pyruvate?
Phosphofructokinase
Hexokinase
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Pyruvate kinase
Which enzyme is responsible for converting lactate to pyruvate?
Phosphofructokinase
Hexokinase
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Pyruvate kinase
What factors influence the formation of lactate during exercise?
Hydration levels
Protein intake
Fat oxidation
Rate of glycolysis and oxygen availability
What factors influence the formation of lactate during exercise?
Hydration levels
Protein intake
Fat oxidation
Rate of glycolysis and oxygen availability
What is the primary site of lactate production and removal in the body?
Heart
Liver
Brain
Skeletal muscle
What is the primary site of lactate production and removal in the body?
Heart
Liver
Brain
Skeletal muscle
What is the lactate threshold (LT) in exercise physiology?
Exercise intensity prior to abrupt increase in blood lactate
Maximum oxygen uptake
Lactate removal rate
Point of fatigue
What is the lactate threshold (LT) in exercise physiology?
Exercise intensity prior to abrupt increase in blood lactate
Maximum oxygen uptake
Lactate removal rate
Point of fatigue
What happens to blood lactate levels during high-intensity exercise?
They remain constant
They plateau immediately
They increase exponentially
They decrease steadily
What happens to blood lactate levels during high-intensity exercise?
They remain constant
They plateau immediately
They increase exponentially
They decrease steadily
What is the significance of the Cori cycle?
It generates pyruvate
It stores glycogen
It produces ATP
It converts lactate back to glucose
What is the significance of the Cori cycle?
It generates pyruvate
It stores glycogen
It produces ATP
It converts lactate back to glucose
What occurs during anaerobic glycolysis?
Lactate is fully oxidized
Lactate formation exceeds lactate removal
ATP production is maximized
Oxygen consumption increases
What occurs during anaerobic glycolysis?
Lactate is fully oxidized
Lactate formation exceeds lactate removal
ATP production is maximized
Oxygen consumption increases
What provides more than 50% of energy transfer beyond 2-3 minutes of exercise?
Glycolysis
Aerobic metabolism
Lactate shuttle
Anaerobic metabolism
What provides more than 50% of energy transfer beyond 2-3 minutes of exercise?
Glycolysis
Aerobic metabolism
Lactate shuttle
Anaerobic metabolism
Which process requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor?
Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Electron transport chain
Lactate fermentation
Which process requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor?
Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Electron transport chain
Lactate fermentation
How many ATP are produced from carbohydrates in aerobic metabolism?
38 ATP
32 ATP
460 ATP
2 ATP
How many ATP are produced from carbohydrates in aerobic metabolism?
38 ATP
32 ATP
460 ATP
2 ATP
What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation?
Glycolysis
ATP synthesis
Lactate production
Fatty acid oxidation
What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation?
Glycolysis
ATP synthesis
Lactate production
Fatty acid oxidation
What is the initial substrate for glycolysis?
Lactate
Glucose/Glycogen
Fatty acids
Pyruvate
What is the initial substrate for glycolysis?
Lactate
Glucose/Glycogen
Fatty acids
Pyruvate
Which energy system is utilized for longer duration exercises?
Anaerobic Energy System
Lactate System
Aerobic Energy System
Immediate Energy System
Which energy system is utilized for longer duration exercises?
Anaerobic Energy System
Lactate System
Aerobic Energy System
Immediate Energy System
What is produced when pyruvate is converted during anaerobic metabolism?
Lactate
ATP
CO2
NADH
What is produced when pyruvate is converted during anaerobic metabolism?
Lactate
ATP
CO2
NADH
What is necessary for the Krebs cycle to function properly?
Oxygen
Lactate
NADH
Glucose
What is necessary for the Krebs cycle to function properly?
Oxygen
Lactate
NADH
Glucose
What does VO2max represent?
The amount of oxygen in the air
The total energy expenditure during a workout
An individual's capacity for aerobically resynthesizing ATP
The maximum heart rate during exercise
What does VO2max represent?
The amount of oxygen in the air
The total energy expenditure during a workout
An individual's capacity for aerobically resynthesizing ATP
The maximum heart rate during exercise
What is measured in mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹?
Heart rate
Caloric expenditure
Lactate threshold
Oxygen uptake (VO2)
What is measured in mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹?
Heart rate
Caloric expenditure
Lactate threshold
Oxygen uptake (VO2)
What occurs during the initial phase of exercise before reaching steady state?
Maximal heart rate
Lactic acid build-up
Oxygen deficit
Oxygen surplus
What occurs during the initial phase of exercise before reaching steady state?
Maximal heart rate
Lactic acid build-up
Oxygen deficit
Oxygen surplus
What is the relationship between muscle, circulation, and ventilation in the context of VO2?
Only ventilation is responsible
They work together to supply and use oxygen
Only circulation is involved
They function independently
What is the relationship between muscle, circulation, and ventilation in the context of VO2?
Only ventilation is responsible
They work together to supply and use oxygen
Only circulation is involved
They function independently
What does VO2max reflect in terms of functional capacity?
Fat oxidation rate
Muscle strength
The integrated system's ability to supply O2
Lactate production
What does VO2max reflect in terms of functional capacity?
Fat oxidation rate
Muscle strength
The integrated system's ability to supply O2
Lactate production
What happens during exercise above VO2max intensity?
ATP generation slows down
Aerobic metabolism dominates
Anaerobic glycolysis occurs
Fat oxidation increases
What happens during exercise above VO2max intensity?
ATP generation slows down
Aerobic metabolism dominates
Anaerobic glycolysis occurs
Fat oxidation increases
Which factor influences the choice of energy system during exercise?
Muscle mass
Hydration level
Intensity of exercise
Body temperature
Which factor influences the choice of energy system during exercise?
Muscle mass
Hydration level
Intensity of exercise
Body temperature
Which energy system has the highest maximal rate of ATP generation?
CHO oxidation
PCr
Glycolysis
Fat oxidation
Which energy system has the highest maximal rate of ATP generation?
CHO oxidation
PCr
Glycolysis
Fat oxidation
Which energy system provides the most maximal available energy?
CHO oxidation
Glycolysis
PCr
Fat oxidation
Which energy system provides the most maximal available energy?
CHO oxidation
Glycolysis
PCr
Fat oxidation
Which energy system is primarily used for immediate energy during exercise?
Glycolysis
ATP-PC
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Which energy system is primarily used for immediate energy during exercise?
Glycolysis
ATP-PC
Aerobic
Anaerobic
What is the primary energy system during long-duration exercise?
Anaerobic
ATP-PC
Glycolysis
Aerobic
What is the primary energy system during long-duration exercise?
Anaerobic
ATP-PC
Glycolysis
Aerobic
What percentage of anaerobic contribution is observed during maximal exercise lasting 60 seconds?
50
70
30
90
What percentage of anaerobic contribution is observed during maximal exercise lasting 60 seconds?
50
70
30
90
What is the contribution of aerobic energy during maximal exercise lasting less than 10 seconds?
70
30
50
10
What is the contribution of aerobic energy during maximal exercise lasting less than 10 seconds?
70
30
50
10
During which duration does the anaerobic contribution decrease significantly?
Short durations
Long durations
Maximal effort
Moderate durations
During which duration does the anaerobic contribution decrease significantly?
Short durations
Long durations
Maximal effort
Moderate durations
What are the methods for measuring anaerobic energy expenditure?
Direct/indirect calorimetry, Blood lactate concentration, Muscle metabolites
VO2-based measurements, Fick equation, Oxygen utilization
Substrate supply, EPOC, Enzyme activity
ATP production, Storage and turnover, Work and power
What are the methods for measuring anaerobic energy expenditure?
Direct/indirect calorimetry, Blood lactate concentration, Muscle metabolites
VO2-based measurements, Fick equation, Oxygen utilization
Substrate supply, EPOC, Enzyme activity
ATP production, Storage and turnover, Work and power
Which equation is used in measuring energy expenditure?
Pythagorean theorem
Bernoulli equation
Fick equation
Newton's second law
Which equation is used in measuring energy expenditure?
Pythagorean theorem
Bernoulli equation
Fick equation
Newton's second law
What does EPOC stand for in exercise physiology?
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Endurance Performance Oxygen Capacity
Exercise Performance Over Cardio
Energy Production Over Cardiovascular
What does EPOC stand for in exercise physiology?
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Endurance Performance Oxygen Capacity
Exercise Performance Over Cardio
Energy Production Over Cardiovascular
What is a method for measuring anaerobic ATP production?
Oxygen debt
Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit
31P-MRS
Blood lactate concentration
What is a method for measuring anaerobic ATP production?
Oxygen debt
Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit
31P-MRS
Blood lactate concentration
What does EPOC stand for in the context of energy expenditure?
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Enhanced Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Estimated Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Energy Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
What does EPOC stand for in the context of energy expenditure?
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Enhanced Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Estimated Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Energy Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
What does LDH stand for in muscle biopsies?
lactate dehydroperoxide
lactate dehydrogenase
lactate dephosphorylase
lactate dehydroxylase
What does LDH stand for in muscle biopsies?
lactate dehydroperoxide
lactate dehydrogenase
lactate dephosphorylase
lactate dehydroxylase
What is the formula for work in physics?
Work = mass x acceleration
Work = energy / time
Work = power x time
Work = force x distance
What is the formula for work in physics?
Work = mass x acceleration
Work = energy / time
Work = power x time
Work = force x distance
What does MLSS stand for?
minimum lactate steady state
maximal lactate steady state
minimum lactate saturation state
maximal lactate saturation state
What does MLSS stand for?
minimum lactate steady state
maximal lactate steady state
minimum lactate saturation state
maximal lactate saturation state
What happens at the lactate threshold (LT)?
Blood lactate begins to accumulate during exercise
Aerobic ATP production stops
Lactate removal decreases
VO2 decreases
What happens at the lactate threshold (LT)?
Blood lactate begins to accumulate during exercise
Aerobic ATP production stops
Lactate removal decreases
VO2 decreases
Hva er formelen for arbeid (W)?
W = F / D
W = F - D
W = F x D
W = F + D
Hva er formelen for arbeid (W)?
W = F / D
W = F - D
W = F x D
W = F + D
Hva er SI-enheten for arbeid?
watt (W)
newton (N)
joule (J)
calorie (cal)
Hva er SI-enheten for arbeid?
watt (W)
newton (N)
joule (J)
calorie (cal)
Hvordan beregnes kraft (F)?
F = m + g
F = m - g
F = m / g
F = m x g
Hvordan beregnes kraft (F)?
F = m + g
F = m - g
F = m / g
F = m x g
Hva er energiforbruket for en klient som sykler på en sykkelergometer ved 200 W i 30 minutter?
4 kCal
6 kCal
5 kCal
3 kCal
Hva er energiforbruket for en klient som sykler på en sykkelergometer ved 200 W i 30 minutter?
4 kCal
6 kCal
5 kCal
3 kCal
Hvor mange joule er det i 1 Nm?
1 J
10 J
100 J
0.1 J
Hvor mange joule er det i 1 Nm?
1 J
10 J
100 J
0.1 J
Hva er formelen for effekt (P)?
P = W/T
P = W+T
P = WT
P = W-T
Hva er formelen for effekt (P)?
P = W/T
P = W+T
P = WT
P = W-T
Hva er SI-enheten for effekt?
kilowatt (kW)
newton (N)
watt (W)
joule (J)
Hva er SI-enheten for effekt?
kilowatt (kW)
newton (N)
watt (W)
joule (J)
Hvor mye arbeid utføres hvis kraften er 600 N og avstanden er 75 m?
1000 Nm
7500 Nm
600 Nm
45000 Nm
Hvor mye arbeid utføres hvis kraften er 600 N og avstanden er 75 m?
1000 Nm
7500 Nm
600 Nm
45000 Nm
Hva er effektutgangen for en person som utfører 45000 Nm arbeid på 10 minutter?
75 W
50 W
150 W
100 W
Hva er effektutgangen for en person som utfører 45000 Nm arbeid på 10 minutter?
75 W
50 W
150 W
100 W
Hvordan beregnes prosentgrad på en skråning?
Total avstand per 100 enheter tid
Vertikal stigning per 100 enheter beltebevegelse
Horisontal avstand per 100 enheter beltebevegelse
Kraft per 100 enheter arbeid
Hvordan beregnes prosentgrad på en skråning?
Total avstand per 100 enheter tid
Vertikal stigning per 100 enheter beltebevegelse
Horisontal avstand per 100 enheter beltebevegelse
Kraft per 100 enheter arbeid
What is the total work done in the treadmill example?
100 kJ
120 kJ
130 kJ
150 kJ
What is the total work done in the treadmill example?
100 kJ
120 kJ
130 kJ
150 kJ
What is the power output in the treadmill example?
250 W
300 W
150 W
200 W
What is the power output in the treadmill example?
250 W
300 W
150 W
200 W
What does EPOC stand for?
Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption
Energy Postexercise Oxygen Consumption
Energy Preexercise Oxygen Consumption
Excess Preexercise Oxygen Consumption
What does EPOC stand for?
Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption
Energy Postexercise Oxygen Consumption
Energy Preexercise Oxygen Consumption
Excess Preexercise Oxygen Consumption
What is the effect of higher intensity on oxygen deficit?
Increases O2 deficit
Makes O2 deficit constant
Decreases O2 deficit
No effect on O2 deficit
What is the effect of higher intensity on oxygen deficit?
Increases O2 deficit
Makes O2 deficit constant
Decreases O2 deficit
No effect on O2 deficit
What method is used for measuring anaerobic ATP production?
31P-MRS
Muscle biopsy
Calorimetry
VO2 measurement
What method is used for measuring anaerobic ATP production?
31P-MRS
Muscle biopsy
Calorimetry
VO2 measurement
What is the formula for aerobic metabolism?
food + CO2 → O2 + energy
food + energy → CO2 + O2 + H2O
food + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy
food + H2O → CO2 + O2 + energy
What is the formula for aerobic metabolism?
food + CO2 → O2 + energy
food + energy → CO2 + O2 + H2O
food + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy
food + H2O → CO2 + O2 + energy
Which of the following is an indicator of anaerobic energy expenditure?
Heart rate
Oxygen consumption
Blood lactate concentration
Caloric expenditure
Which of the following is an indicator of anaerobic energy expenditure?
Heart rate
Oxygen consumption
Blood lactate concentration
Caloric expenditure
Hva er formelen for å måle VO2?
VO2 = VE x insp-expO2diff
VO2 = Q x a-vO2diff
VO2 = Q x VCO2
VO2 = VT x Fb
Hva er formelen for å måle VO2?
VO2 = VE x insp-expO2diff
VO2 = Q x a-vO2diff
VO2 = Q x VCO2
VO2 = VT x Fb
Hva er 1 kcal i kJ?
5 kJ
3.5 kJ
4.186 kJ
2.5 kJ
Hva er 1 kcal i kJ?
5 kJ
3.5 kJ
4.186 kJ
2.5 kJ
Hvilken metode brukes for å måle oksygenopptak under trening?
Fick ligning
Direkte kalorimetri
Lukket krets spirometri
Åpen krets spirometri
Hvilken metode brukes for å måle oksygenopptak under trening?
Fick ligning
Direkte kalorimetri
Lukket krets spirometri
Åpen krets spirometri
What is the Fick equation used to measure?
Heart rate variability
Muscle strength
Aerobic energy expenditure
Anaerobic energy expenditure
What is the Fick equation used to measure?
Heart rate variability
Muscle strength
Aerobic energy expenditure
Anaerobic energy expenditure
What does Q represent in the Fick equation?
Stroke volume
Oxygen uptake
Cardiac output
Arterial blood flow
What does Q represent in the Fick equation?
Stroke volume
Oxygen uptake
Cardiac output
Arterial blood flow
How is cardiac output (Q) calculated?
VO2 x a-vO2diff
HR x SV
O2 deficit x EPOC
ATP production x storage
How is cardiac output (Q) calculated?
VO2 x a-vO2diff
HR x SV
O2 deficit x EPOC
ATP production x storage
What is the approximate energy equivalent of 1 L O2?
3 kcal/min
7 kcal/min
5 kcal/min
10 kcal/min
What is the approximate energy equivalent of 1 L O2?
3 kcal/min
7 kcal/min
5 kcal/min
10 kcal/min
What unit is used to measure the energy value of food samples?
Kilojoule (kJ)
Kilocalorie (kCal)
Watt (W)
Newton (N)
What unit is used to measure the energy value of food samples?
Kilojoule (kJ)
Kilocalorie (kCal)
Watt (W)
Newton (N)
What is the SI unit for work energy?
Calorie (cal)
Kilojoule (kJ)
Watt (W)
Kilocalorie (kCal)
What is the SI unit for work energy?
Calorie (cal)
Kilojoule (kJ)
Watt (W)
Kilocalorie (kCal)
What is the immediate energy system also known as?
Aerobic oxidation
Lactate system
ATP-PCr system
Anaerobic glycolysis
How long does the immediate energy system provide energy for?
30 seconds
6–8 seconds
10–15 seconds
2–5 seconds
What does the short-term energy system primarily use?
Protein
Fatty acids
Intramuscular glycogen
Glucose
Hva påvirker omdannelsen av pyruvat til laktat?
Antall og størrelse på mitokondrier
Hastigheten på glykolysen
LDH-enzymaktivitet
Oksygentilgjengelighet
Hva er VO2maks-verdien for gjennomsnittlige voksne menn?
~38 ml/kg/min
~97,5 ml/kg/min
~42 ml/kg/min
~180 ml/kg/min
Hva er den primære energikilden for aktiviteter som varer utover 3 minutter?
Anaerob energikilde
Kortsiktig energisystem
Langtids energisystem
Fettforbrenning
Hva er laktatterskelen hos eliteutholdenhetsutøvere?
~75% av VO2maks
85-90% av VO2maks
~42 ml/kg/min
~55% av VO2maks
Hvilket energisystem dominerer i løpet av de første 5 sekundene av trening?
ATP-PCr
Glykolyse
Fettoksidasjon
Aerobt system
Hva er den omtrentlige andelen aerob energi ved 1500 m løp?
~70 %
~50 %
<10 %
<blockquote>
80 %
</blockquote>
Hvilke faktorer bestemmer laktatproduksjon?
Fettoksidasjon
Oksygennivå
Karbohydratnivå
Glykolyse-hastighet
Hva betyr OBLA i sammenheng med laktat?
Optimal Blood Lactate Activity
Over Blood Lactate Amount
Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation
Oxygen Blood Level Assessment
Hva skjer med laktatterskelen ved trening?
Den forblir uendret
Den flytter laktatkurven til høyre
Den senker laktatnivået
Den øker laktatproduksjonen
Hva er forskjellen mellom laktat og melkesyre?
Melkesyre er mer energisk
Laktat er en type melkesyre
De er forskjellige molekyler
De er identiske
Hva måler fosfor-magnetresonansspektroskopi (P-MRS)?
PCr og uorganisk fosfat
Kroppstemperatur og pH
Laktat og glukose
Blodtrykk og hjertefrekvens
Hva er formelen for arbeid?
Arbeid (joule) = kraft (watt) × tid (sekunder)
Effekt (watt) = kraft (newton) × avstand (meter)
Arbeid (joule) = kraft (newton) × avstand (meter)
Effekt (watt) = arbeid ÷ tid (J/s)
Hva brukes blodlaktatmåling til?
Å bestemme kroppstemperatur
Å måle oksygenopptak
Å analysere muskelstruktur
Å vise anaerob terskel
Hva skjer med anaerob terskel ved aerob trening?
Den senkes til lavere intensitet
Den forblir uendret
Den øker i varighet
Den forskyves til høyere intensitet
Hva er EPOC?
Ingen sammenheng med trening
Forhøyet O2-forbruk etter trening
Redusert energiforbruk etter trening
Lavere O2-forbruk under trening
Hvilken metode måler O2-forbruk og CO2-produksjon?
Ficks ligning
Åpen spirometri
Indirekte kalorimetri
Direkte kalorimetri
Hvilken rolle har bukspyttkjertelen?
Øker kroppstemperaturen
Produserer ATP
Regulerer blodsukkeret
Lagrer energi
Hva skjer ved høyt blodsukker?
Leveren frigjør glukose
Blodsukkeret øker
Alfaceller frigjør glukagon
Betaceller frigjør insulin
Hva er konverteringen fra kcal til kJ?
1 kcal = 4,186 kJ
1 kcal = 1,5 kJ
1 kcal = 2,5 kJ
1 kcal = 3,6 kJ
What is the role of GLUT-transporters in glucose transport?
They are involved in insulin production
They store glucose in the liver
They actively transport glucose against the gradient
They transport glucose passively across the membrane
What condition is characterized by no insulin production?
Hypoglycemia
Insulin resistance
Type 2 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
Which enzyme is rate-limiting in glycolysis?
Pyruvate kinase
Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Lactate dehydrogenase
How is aerobic energy measured?
Muscle biopsy
MR-spectroscopy
Lactate measurement
Calorimetry/spirometry
What are the three energy systems during exercise?
Strength, endurance, flexibility
Anaerobic, aerobic, lactate
Sprint, marathon, weightlifting
Immediate, short-term, long-term
Which exercise is associated with short-term energy system?
100m dash
Walking
Marathon
Weightlifting
What is the focus of MET 2 course?
Cardiovascular Health
Nutrition for Athletes
Energy Transfer during Exercise
Muscle Anatomy
What is the immediate energy system primarily used for?
Long-distance running
Cycling for over an hour
Endurance swimming
Ultra-short duration activities (less than 6-8 seconds)
What is the primary energy source in the ATP-PCr system?
Fatty acids
Glucose
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Lactic acid
Which of the following activities primarily utilizes the immediate energy system?
Cross-country skiing
Marathon running
Yoga
Weightlifting
What characterizes the short-term energy system?
Fat oxidation
Phosphagen system
Aerobic oxidation
Anaerobic glycolysis
What is the primary energy system used during short-duration, high-intensity exercise?
Oxidative System
Aerobic Glycolysis
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Phosphagen System
What is produced when lactate accumulates faster than it can be cleared?
Lactate
ATP
Acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate
Which enzyme is responsible for converting lactate to pyruvate?
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase
Hexokinase
What factors influence the formation of lactate during exercise?
Rate of glycolysis and oxygen availability
Hydration levels
Fat oxidation
Protein intake
What is the primary site of lactate production and removal in the body?
Skeletal muscle
Liver
Heart
Brain
What is the lactate threshold (LT) in exercise physiology?
Point of fatigue
Lactate removal rate
Exercise intensity prior to abrupt increase in blood lactate
Maximum oxygen uptake
What happens to blood lactate levels during high-intensity exercise?
They plateau immediately
They increase exponentially
They remain constant
They decrease steadily
What is the significance of the Cori cycle?
It converts lactate back to glucose
It generates pyruvate
It stores glycogen
It produces ATP
What occurs during anaerobic glycolysis?
Lactate is fully oxidized
Lactate formation exceeds lactate removal
ATP production is maximized
Oxygen consumption increases
What provides more than 50% of energy transfer beyond 2-3 minutes of exercise?
Lactate shuttle
Aerobic metabolism
Glycolysis
Anaerobic metabolism
Which process requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor?
Glycolysis
Lactate fermentation
Electron transport chain
Krebs cycle
What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation?
Fatty acid oxidation
ATP synthesis
Glycolysis
Lactate production
Which energy system is utilized for longer duration exercises?
Aerobic Energy System
Anaerobic Energy System
Immediate Energy System
Lactate System
What does VO2max represent?
The total energy expenditure during a workout
An individual's capacity for aerobically resynthesizing ATP
The amount of oxygen in the air
The maximum heart rate during exercise
What is measured in mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹?
Heart rate
Lactate threshold
Oxygen uptake (VO2)
Caloric expenditure
What occurs during the initial phase of exercise before reaching steady state?
Lactic acid build-up
Maximal heart rate
Oxygen surplus
Oxygen deficit
What is the relationship between muscle, circulation, and ventilation in the context of VO2?
Only circulation is involved
Only ventilation is responsible
They function independently
They work together to supply and use oxygen
What does VO2max reflect in terms of functional capacity?
Lactate production
Fat oxidation rate
Muscle strength
The integrated system's ability to supply O2
What happens during exercise above VO2max intensity?
Aerobic metabolism dominates
Anaerobic glycolysis occurs
Fat oxidation increases
ATP generation slows down
Which factor influences the choice of energy system during exercise?
Hydration level
Intensity of exercise
Muscle mass
Body temperature
Which energy system has the highest maximal rate of ATP generation?
Glycolysis
Fat oxidation
PCr
CHO oxidation
Which energy system provides the most maximal available energy?
PCr
Glycolysis
CHO oxidation
Fat oxidation
Which energy system is primarily used for immediate energy during exercise?
Anaerobic
ATP-PC
Glycolysis
Aerobic
What is the primary energy system during long-duration exercise?
ATP-PC
Glycolysis
Anaerobic
Aerobic
What percentage of anaerobic contribution is observed during maximal exercise lasting 60 seconds?
70
50
90
30
What is the contribution of aerobic energy during maximal exercise lasting less than 10 seconds?
10
50
70
30
During which duration does the anaerobic contribution decrease significantly?
Long durations
Maximal effort
Moderate durations
Short durations
What are the methods for measuring anaerobic energy expenditure?
Direct/indirect calorimetry, Blood lactate concentration, Muscle metabolites
Substrate supply, EPOC, Enzyme activity
ATP production, Storage and turnover, Work and power
VO2-based measurements, Fick equation, Oxygen utilization
Which equation is used in measuring energy expenditure?
Fick equation
Newton's second law
Bernoulli equation
Pythagorean theorem
What does EPOC stand for in exercise physiology?
Endurance Performance Oxygen Capacity
Energy Production Over Cardiovascular
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Exercise Performance Over Cardio
What is a method for measuring anaerobic ATP production?
Oxygen debt
Blood lactate concentration
31P-MRS
Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit
What does EPOC stand for in the context of energy expenditure?
Estimated Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Energy Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Enhanced Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
What does LDH stand for in muscle biopsies?
lactate dephosphorylase
lactate dehydrogenase
lactate dehydroxylase
lactate dehydroperoxide
What is the formula for work in physics?
Work = force x distance
Work = power x time
Work = mass x acceleration
Work = energy / time
What does MLSS stand for?
minimum lactate steady state
maximal lactate steady state
minimum lactate saturation state
maximal lactate saturation state
What happens at the lactate threshold (LT)?
Aerobic ATP production stops
Lactate removal decreases
Blood lactate begins to accumulate during exercise
VO2 decreases
Hva er energiforbruket for en klient som sykler på en sykkelergometer ved 200 W i 30 minutter?
5 kCal
3 kCal
6 kCal
4 kCal
Hva er effektutgangen for en person som utfører 45000 Nm arbeid på 10 minutter?
50 W
100 W
75 W
150 W
Hvordan beregnes prosentgrad på en skråning?
Horisontal avstand per 100 enheter beltebevegelse
Kraft per 100 enheter arbeid
Vertikal stigning per 100 enheter beltebevegelse
Total avstand per 100 enheter tid
What does EPOC stand for?
Energy Preexercise Oxygen Consumption
Energy Postexercise Oxygen Consumption
Excess Preexercise Oxygen Consumption
Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption
What is the effect of higher intensity on oxygen deficit?
No effect on O2 deficit
Makes O2 deficit constant
Decreases O2 deficit
Increases O2 deficit
What method is used for measuring anaerobic ATP production?
Muscle biopsy
31P-MRS
VO2 measurement
Calorimetry
What is the formula for aerobic metabolism?
food + CO2 → O2 + energy
food + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy
food + H2O → CO2 + O2 + energy
food + energy → CO2 + O2 + H2O
Which of the following is an indicator of anaerobic energy expenditure?
Caloric expenditure
Blood lactate concentration
Heart rate
Oxygen consumption
Hva er formelen for å måle VO2?
VO2 = Q x a-vO2diff
VO2 = VE x insp-expO2diff
VO2 = Q x VCO2
VO2 = VT x Fb
Hvilken metode brukes for å måle oksygenopptak under trening?
Fick ligning
Lukket krets spirometri
Åpen krets spirometri
Direkte kalorimetri
What is the Fick equation used to measure?
Aerobic energy expenditure
Muscle strength
Heart rate variability
Anaerobic energy expenditure
What does Q represent in the Fick equation?
Oxygen uptake
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Arterial blood flow
How is cardiac output (Q) calculated?
ATP production x storage
O2 deficit x EPOC
HR x SV
VO2 x a-vO2diff
What unit is used to measure the energy value of food samples?
Kilocalorie (kCal)
Kilojoule (kJ)
Watt (W)
Newton (N)
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