Flashcards in this deck (44)

• What are creational design patterns?

  Patterns focused on object creation mechanisms, e.g., Singleton, Factory Method.
  design_patterns creational
• What are structural design patterns?

  Patterns dealing with class and object composition, e.g., Adapter, Composite.
  design_patterns structural
• What are behavioral design patterns?

  Patterns addressing communication between objects, e.g., Observer, Strategy.
  design_patterns behavioral
• What are design patterns?

  Reusable solutions to common problems in software design.
  design_patterns software
• What is a database?

  A structured collection of data.
  databases definition
• What is DBMS?

  Software to manage databases.
  databases dbms
• What is RDBMS?

  A DBMS with a table-based structure.
  databases rdbms
• What is one advantage of DBMS?

  Data consistency and integrity.
  databases advantage
• How is SQL Server Management Studio installed?

  By downloading the setup file, running the installer, and following configuration prompts.
  sql installation
• What is the role of a primary key?

  To uniquely identify each record in a table.
  sql primary_key
• What is a primary key?

  A key that uniquely identifies each record.
  sql keys
• What is a foreign key?

  A key that links two tables.
  sql keys
• What are arithmetic operators in SQL?

  +, -, *, /, %.
  sql operators
• Name one DML command.

  INSERT.
  sql dml
• How do SQL operators differ?

  Arithmetic operators perform calculations, comparison operators compare values, and logical operators combine conditions.
  sql operators
• What is the difference between DELETE and DROP?

  DELETE removes rows from a table; DROP deletes the table itself.
  sql commands
• What does DDL stand for?

  Data Definition Language.
  sql ddl
• Name a TCL command.

  COMMIT.
  sql tcl
• What is the role of constraints in SQL?

  To enforce rules on data in tables.
  sql constraints
• What are the types of constraints?

  Not Null, Check, Unique, Primary Key, Foreign Key.
  sql constraints
• What is the purpose of ROLLBACK?

  To undo changes made during a transaction.
  sql tcl
• What is an inner join?

  A join that matches rows with common values.
  sql joins
• What does the SUM() function do?

  Adds numeric values in a column.
  sql functions
• What is a cross join?

  A join that produces the Cartesian product of two tables.
  sql joins
• What is the difference between LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN?

  LEFT JOIN includes all rows from the left table, RIGHT JOIN includes all rows from the right table.
  sql joins
• How are aggregate functions used?

  To perform calculations on multiple rows, e.g., COUNT, AVG.
  sql functions
• What is a stored procedure?

  A reusable SQL query with parameters.
  sql stored_procedures
• What is a trigger in SQL?

  A set of instructions executed automatically in response to DML events.
  sql triggers
• What is the purpose of a trigger?

  To enforce business rules or validations.
  sql triggers
• How do input and output parameters work in stored procedures?

  Input parameters pass values; output parameters return results.
  sql stored_procedures
• What do stored procedures encapsulate?

  SQL logic for reuse and maintainability.
  sql stored_procedures
• What do triggers automate?

  Responses to table events, ensuring data integrity or enforcing rules during transactions.
  sql triggers
• What is a view in SQL?

  A virtual table created from an SQL query.
  sql views
• What is the purpose of indexing?

  To improve query performance.
  sql indexing
• What is a clustered index?

  An index that sorts data rows in the table.
  sql indexing
• How does a view simplify queries?

  By encapsulating complex SQL logic into a virtual table.
  sql views
• What is the difference between clustered and non-clustered indexes?

  Clustered indexes sort data rows; non-clustered indexes provide pointers to data.
  sql indexing
• What is the goal of normalization?

  To reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity.
  sql normalization
• What is the first normal form (1NF)?

  A table with no repeating groups.
  sql normalization
• What is the third normal form (3NF)?

  A table in 2NF with no transitive dependencies.
  sql normalization
• Why is normalization important?

  It ensures the database is efficient and free of anomalies.
  sql normalization
• What is the difference between 1NF and 2NF?

  1NF eliminates repeating groups; 2NF eliminates partial dependencies.
  sql normalization
• What does normalization structure a database to minimize?

  Redundancy and dependency.
  sql normalization
• What do databases achieve by organizing data into normalized forms?

  Efficiency and data consistency, avoiding anomalies.
  sql normalization