What does the combining form bucc/o mean?
cheek
What does the combining form ceci/o mean?
cecum
What does the combining form celi/o mean?
abdomen, belly
What does the combining form cheil/o mean?
lip
What does the combining form chol/e mean?
bile, gall
What does the combining form cholangi/o mean?
bile vessel
What does the combining form cholecyst/o mean?
gallbladder
What does the combining form choledoch/o mean?
common bile duct
What does the combining form col/o mean?
colon
What does the combining form dent/i mean?
teeth
What does the combining form duoden/o mean?
duodenum
What does the combining form enter/o mean?
small intestines
What does the combining form esophag/o mean?
esophagus
What does the combining form gastr/o mean?
stomach
What does the combining form gingiv/o mean?
gums
What does the combining form gloss/o mean?
tongue
What does the combining form gluc/o, glyc/o mean?
sugar
What does the combining form hepat/o mean?
liver
What does the combining form herni/o mean?
hernia
What does the combining form ile/o mean?
ileum
What does the combining form jejun/o mean?
jejunum
What does the combining form labi/o mean?
lip
What does the combining form lip/o mean?
lipid, fat
What does the combining form lith/o mean?
stone
What does the combining form odont/o mean?
tooth
What does the combining form or/o mean?
mouth
What does the combining form palat/o mean?
palate
What does the combining form pancreat/o mean?
pancreas
What does the combining form proct/o mean?
anus & rectum
What does the combining form pylor/o mean?
pyloric sphincter
What does the combining form rect/o mean?
rectum
What does the combining form sialaden/o mean?
salivary gland
What does the combining form splen/o mean?
spleen
What does the combining form steat/o mean?
fat
What does the combining form stomat/o mean?
mouth
What does the suffix -ectasis, -ectasia mean?
dilation, widening
What does the suffix -emesis mean?
vomiting
What does the suffix -pepsia mean?
digestion
What does the suffix -phagia mean?
eating, swallowing
What does the suffix -plasty mean?
surgical repair
What does the suffix -ptysia mean?
spitting
What does the suffix -rrhage, -rrhagia mean?
bursting forth (of blood)
What does the suffix -rrhaphy mean?
suture
What does the suffix -rrhea mean?
flow, discharge
What does the suffix -spasm mean?
involuntary contraction of muscles
What does the suffix -stasis mean?
stopping, controlling
What does the suffix -stenosis mean?
narrowing, tightening
What does the suffix -tresia mean?
opening
What is esophageal reflux?
Acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn.
What does LES stand for?
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
What does emesis refer to?
An act or instance of vomiting.
What does hematemesis mean?
The vomiting of blood.
What is cholangiectasis?
Dilation or widening of the bile duct vessel.
What does dyspepsia mean?
Having bad digestion.
What is polyphagia?
A condition in which a person overeats.
What is esophageal stenosis?
A narrowing or stricture of the esophagus.
What is pylorostenosis?
Narrowing of the pylorus, blocking food flow into intestines.
What is cholestasis?
Interruption of bile flow from liver to duodenum.
What is pylorospasm?
Involuntary contractions of the pylorus of the stomach.
What is herniorrhaphy?
The suturing of a hernia.
What is gastroplasty?
Surgical repair of the stomach, may initiate weight loss.
What is cirrhosis?
A chronic degenerative disease of the liver.
What is steatohepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver caused by fat buildup.
What is choledocholithotripsy?
Crushing of gallstones in the common bile duct.
What is cholangitis?
An inflammation of a bile vessel.
What is endoscopy?
A viewing device passed inside the body.
What is EGD?
Examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
What is a colonoscopy?
Examination of the lining of the colon using a scope.
What is a virtual colonoscopy?
Uses computer technology to examine the entire colon in minutes.
What is laparoscopy?
Visual examination of the abdomen with a laparoscope.
What is the lower gastrointestinal series?
X-ray image of the colon and rectum after barium injection.
What is cholangiography?
X-ray examination of the biliary system after contrast injection.
What is PTHC?
Contrast medium enters liver via a needle through the abdominal wall.
What is ERCP?
Contrast medium administered through oral catheter into bile ducts.
What is the upper gastrointestinal series?
Performed to diagnose esophageal strictures and stomach disorders.
What is a barium swallow?
Study of the esophagus.
What is CT?
A series of x-ray images taken in multiple views.
What does MRI stand for?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
What is EUS?
Endoscopic ultrasound combines an endoscope with ultrasound to examine the gastrointestinal tract.
What is scintigraphy?
Injection of a radioisotope into the patient's vein.
What does a HIDA scan track?
Production and flow of bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine.
What is a stool culture?
A test for microorganisms present in feces.
What does the stool guaiac test detect?
Occult (hidden) blood in feces.
What is guaiac?
A wood chemical that reacts with blood in feces.
What does FOBT stand for?
Fecal Occult Blood Test
What do liver function tests (LFTs) check for?
Presence of enzymes and bilirubin in the blood.
What do ALT and AST indicate?
High levels indicate liver damage.
What is alkaline phosphatase (alk phos)?
An enzyme that may be increased in liver or bone diseases.
What do elevated serum bilirubin levels indicate?
Liver diseases and jaundice.
What does a direct bilirubin test measure?
Conjugated bilirubin.
What does a high direct bilirubin level indicate?
Liver disease or biliary obstruction.
What does an indirect bilirubin test measure?
Unconjugated bilirubin.
What do increased levels of indirect bilirubin indicate?
Excessive hemolysis, as may occur in a newborn.
What do amylase and lipase tests measure?
Levels of amylase and lipase enzymes in the blood.
What is a liver biopsy?
Removal of liver tissue for microscopic examination.
What is bariatric surgery?
A procedure for weight loss in severe obesity.
What is a gingivectomy?
Removal of a portion of the gums.
What is sialoadenectomy?
Surgical removal of the salivary gland.
What is paracentesis?
Puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen.
What does GB stand for?
Gallbladder
What does GI stand for?
Gastrointestinal
What does BE stand for?
Barium Enema
What does BM stand for?
Bowel Movement
What does G tube stand for?
Gastrostomy Tube
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
What does LES stand for?
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
What does IBD stand for?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
What does BRBPR stand for?
Bright Red Blood Per Rectum, hematochezia
What does HBV stand for?
Hepatitis B Virus
What does CT stand for?
Computed Tomography
What does TPN stand for?
Total Parenteral Nutrition
What does NPO stand for?
Nothing By Mouth
What does NG stand for?
Nasogastric Tube
What does PEG stand for?
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
What does PEJ stand for?
Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy
What does T-tube do?
Used for drainage.
What does PUD stand for?
Peptic Ulcer Disease
What is the lower gastrointestinal series?
X-ray image of the colon and rectum after barium injection.
What is the upper gastrointestinal series?
Performed to diagnose esophageal strictures and stomach disorders.
What is EUS?
Endoscopic ultrasound combines an endoscope with ultrasound to examine the gastrointestinal tract.
What does a HIDA scan track?
Production and flow of bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine.
What do increased levels of indirect bilirubin indicate?
Excessive hemolysis, as may occur in a newborn.
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