Flashcards in this deck (71)

• What is the pathologic term for thickening of the Stratum Corneum?

  Hyperkeratosis
  dermatology pathology
• What is the pathologic term for retention of the nucleus in the Stratum Corneum?

  Parakeratosis
  dermatology pathology
• Which layer of the epidermis contains keratohyaline granules and filaggrin?

  Stratum Granulosum
  dermatology epidermis
• What is the pathologic term for thickening of the Stratum Spinosum?

  Acanthosis
  dermatology pathology
• What is the pathologic term for loss of desmosomes (spines) in the Stratum Spinosum?

  Acantholysis
  dermatology pathology
• What is the pathologic term for intercellular edema in the Stratum Spinosum?

  Spongiosis
  dermatology pathology
• What is the normal Epidermal Transit Time (ETT)?

  28 days
  dermatology physiology
• What is the Epidermal Transit Time (ETT) in psoriasis?

  3-4 days
  dermatology psoriasis
• What is the main type of connective tissue in the dermis?

  Collagen
  dermatology connective_tissue
• What are the main components of the dermal ground substance?

  • Hyaluronic acid
  • GAGS
  dermatology ground_substance
• What clinical procedure involves pressing a glass slide on a lesion to observe if erythema blanches?

  Diascopy
  dermatology clinical_procedure
• What clinical procedure helps differentiate erythema (blanching) from purpura (non-blanching)?

  Diascopy
  dermatology clinical_procedure
• What are the skin lines that follow embryonic migration patterns?

  Blaschko Lines
  dermatology anatomy
• What is the wavelength of UVA rays used in a Woods Lamp?

  365 nm
  dermatology woods_lamp
• What color fluorescence does Microsporum (tinea capitis) show under a Woods Lamp?

  Blue
  dermatology woods_lamp
• What color fluorescence does Malassezia furfur (Pityriasis Versicolor) show under a Woods Lamp?

  Yellow
  dermatology woods_lamp
• What color fluorescence does Corynebacterium minutissimum (Erythrasma) show under a Woods Lamp?

  Coral red
  dermatology woods_lamp
• What is the Woods Lamp appearance of Vitiligo?

  Milky white
  dermatology woods_lamp
• What acute, self-limiting eruption is triggered by HHV 6, 7, and often starts with a 'Herald Patch'?

  Pityriasis Rosea
  dermatology viral_infection
• What is the characteristic distribution of lesions in Pityriasis Rosea?

  'Christmas tree' or 'Fir tree' pattern
  dermatology pityriasis_rosea
• What condition is characterized by fine scales, redness, and follicular papules around hair?

  Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
  dermatology pityriasis_rubra_pilaris
• What is a characteristic finding on palms and soles in Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris?

  Orange palms with 'Island of sparing'
  dermatology pityriasis_rubra_pilaris
• What is a localized, hyperpigmented patch that recurs at the same site upon re-exposure to a drug?

  Fixed Drug Eruption
  dermatology adverse_reaction
• What acute, life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reaction involves epidermal necrosis affecting >30% of the body surface area?

  Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
  dermatology adverse_reaction
• Name some major drug classes implicated in SJS-TEN.

  • Allopurinol
  • Antiepileptics (phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine)
  • NSAIDs
  • Sulfonamides
  dermatology adverse_reaction
• What clinical sign, indicating extensive skin peeling, is positive in SJS-TEN?

  Nikolskiy sign
  dermatology clinical_sign
• What is a fluid-filled lesion less than 1 cm in diameter?

  Vesicle
  dermatology lesions
• What is a fluid-filled lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter?

  Bulla
  dermatology lesions
• What is the term for focal loss of the epidermis?

  Erosion
  dermatology epidermis
• What is the definition of Acantholysis?

  Loss of adhesion between keratinocytes
  dermatology pathology
• What clinical sign involves tangential pressure extending a blister or erosion?

  Nikolskiy Sign
  clinical_signs dermatology
• Name conditions where a True Nikolskiy Sign is positive.

  • Pemphigus vulgaris
  • Pemphigus foliaceus
  • SSSS
  • TEN
  • Bullous Impetigo
  conditions dermatology
• What clinical sign involves pressure on a bulla causing it to spread laterally?

  Bulla spread sign
  clinical_signs dermatology
• What is the immunoglobulin type and level of split in Pemphigus Foliaceus?

  IgG, subcorneal intraepidermal
  immunology pemphigus
• What is the immunoglobulin type and level of split in Pemphigus Vulgaris?

  IgG, suprabasal intraepidermal
  immunology pemphigus
• What is the target antigen in Pemphigus Foliaceus?

  DSG-1
  immunology pemphigus
• What are the target antigens in Pemphigus Vulgaris?

  • DSG-3 (skin)
  • DSG-1 & DSG-3 (oral)
  immunology pemphigus
• Describe the clinical appearance of bullae in Pemphigus Vulgaris.

  Flaccid
  clinical_appearance pemphigus
• Describe the clinical appearance of bullae in Bullous Pemphigoid.

  Tense
  clinical_appearance bullous_pemphigoid
• Is the Nikolskiy sign positive or negative in Pemphigus Vulgaris and Bullous Pemphigoid?

  Positive (+) in Pemphigus Vulgaris, Negative (-) in Bullous Pemphigoid
  nikolskiy_sign pemphigus bullous_pemphigoid
• What is the characteristic Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) pattern in Pemphigus Vulgaris?

  Fishnet pattern of IgG in the intraepidermal region
  immunofluorescence pemphigus
• What histopathological appearance is characteristic of Pemphigus Vulgaris?

  Row of Tombstones
  histopathology pemphigus
• What is the characteristic Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) pattern in Bullous Pemphigoid?

  Linear IgG and C3 deposits in the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ)
  immunofluorescence bullous_pemphigoid
• What autoantibody and target antigen are associated with Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

  Epidermal IgA, Transglutaminase
  autoantibody dermatitis_herpetiformis
• What classic gastrointestinal disease is associated with Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

  Celiac disease
  gastrointestinal dermatitis_herpetiformis
• Describe the key histopathological findings in Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

  Subepidermal cleft with neutrophils in papillary tip microabscess
  histopathology dermatitis_herpetiformis
• What is the treatment of choice for Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

  Oral Dapsone and Gluten-free diet
  treatment dermatitis_herpetiformis
• What is the synonym for Mechanobullous diseases?

  Epidermolysis Bullosa
  mechanobullous diseases
• What is the genetic defect in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex?

  Keratin 5, 14
  genetic_defect epidermolysis_bullosa
• What is the genetic defect in Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa?

  Laminin 332, Laminin 5
  genetic_defect epidermolysis_bullosa
• What is the genetic defect in Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa?

  Collagen 7
  genetic_defect epidermolysis_bullosa
• What percentage of hair is typically in the Anagen (growing) phase?

  80-85%
  hair_growth anagen_phase
• What percentage of hair is typically in the Catagen (regression) phase?

  5-10%
  hair_growth catagen_phase
• What percentage of hair is typically in the Telogen (resting/falling) phase?

  10-15%
  hair_growth telogen_phase
• What characteristic hairs are often found at the margins of Alopecia Areata lesions?

  Exclamation mark hairs
  alopecia hair_loss
• What is the localized treatment for Alopecia Areata?

  Intralesional steroids (e.g., Triamcinolone)
  treatment alopecia_areata
• What is the etiology of Grey Patch Tinea Capitis?

  Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes
  etiology tinea_capitis
• What is the pattern of hair loss in females with androgenetic alopecia (FPHL)?

  Midline widening (Ludwig pattern)
  androgenetic_alopecia hair_loss
• What are common treatments for Androgenetic Alopecia (male & female)?

  • Minoxidil (topical)
  • Finasteride (oral, for males)
  treatment androgenetic_alopecia
• What condition presents with deep-seated nodules, abscesses, and scars in the axilla and anogenital region?

  Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Acne Inversa)
  condition hidradenitis_suppurativa
• What is the mode of secretion for apocrine sweat glands?

  Apical budding (apex of cell is pinched off)
  anatomy glands
• What is a synonym for Miliaria Rubra (prickly heat)?

  Tiny S E (Miliaria rubra - red papules)
  dermatology conditions
• What are the main pathogenetic factors in Acne Vulgaris?

  • Increased sebum production
  • Follicular hyperkeratinization
  • Propionibacterium acnes
  dermatology acne
• What are the predominant lesions in Grade 1 Acne?

  Comedones
  dermatology acne
• What are the predominant lesions in Grade 4 Acne?

  Nodulocysts
  dermatology acne
• What is the recommended treatment for Grade 1 Acne?

  Topical Retinoids (e.g., Adapalene)
  dermatology treatment
• What is the recommended treatment for Grade 4 Acne?

  Oral Retinoids (e.g., Isotretinoin)
  dermatology treatment
• What mite is sometimes implicated in the pathology of Rosacea?

  Demodex mite
  dermatology rosacea
• What are the characteristic lesions of Rosacea?

  • Erythema
  • Telangiectasia
  • Papulopustular lesions
  • Ocular symptoms
  dermatology rosacea
• Name some common topical treatments for Rosacea.

  • Metronidazole
  • Ivermectin
  • Brimonidine
  dermatology treatment
• What type of laser is used to treat Rhinophyma?

  Ablative
  dermatology treatment