Flashcards in this deck (23)

• What was the primary paradigm in psychology between the 1920s to 1950?

  Cognitive Psychology

  Psychoanalysis

  Humanistic Psychology

  Behaviorism
  psychology behaviorism
• Who were the three influential theorists that established behaviorism?

  Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, Lev Vygotsky

  B.F. Skinner, Carl Jung, Abraham Maslow

  Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner

  Sigmund Freud, Carl Rogers, Albert Bandura
  psychology theorists
• What does behaviorism focus on?

  Observable behavior

  Emotions

  Internal thoughts

  Dream analysis
  psychology behaviorism
• According to behaviorism, what determines a person's behavior?

  Free will

  Cognitive processes

  Genetics

  The environment
  psychology behaviorism
• What is the basis of all behavior according to behaviorism?

  Biological instincts

  Stimulus-response association

  Emotional reactions

  Cognitive processing
  psychology behaviorism
• What did Watson describe as the purpose of psychology?

  To analyze dreams

  To predict reactions based on stimuli

  To study unconscious mind

  To understand emotions
  psychology watson
• What learning method did Pavlov establish?

  Operant conditioning

  Classical conditioning

  Observational learning

  Cognitive learning
  psychology pavlov
• What did Watson and Rayner condition Little Albert to fear?

  A black cat

  A white rat

  A loud noise

  A toy
  psychology watson
• What concept did B.F. Skinner introduce?

  Cognitive dissonance

  Operant conditioning

  Classical conditioning

  Social learning
  psychology skinner
• What is behavior modification?

  Cognitive restructuring

  Dream analysis

  Empirically demonstrated behavior change techniques

  Emotional therapy
  psychology behavior_modification
• What is behavior modification now known as?

  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

  Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

  Psychoanalysis

  Humanistic Therapy
  psychology behavior_modification
• What does behavior analysis utilize to bring about behavior change?

  Biological principles

  Emotional principles

  Cognitive principles

  Learning principles
  psychology behavior_analysis
• What is the aim of behavior analysis?

  To analyze dreams

  To study emotions

  To improve socially significant behaviors

  To explore unconscious desires
  psychology behavior_analysis
• What is Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)?

  An approach that ignores individual differences.

  A method to enhance physical skills only.

  Application of behavioral principles to increase or decrease targeted behaviors.

  A technique to punish unwanted behaviors.
  behavior aba
• What skills can ABA help individuals acquire?

  Only motor skills.

  Only social skills.

  Only academic skills.

  Language skills, self-help skills, and play skills.
  skills aba
• What behaviors can ABA help decrease?

  Healthy eating habits.

  Creative thinking.

  Positive social behaviors.

  Maladaptive behaviors such as aggression and self-injury.
  behavior aba
• Who were the three main theorists in behaviorism?

  Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Howard Gardner.

  Sigmund Freud, Carl Rogers, and Abraham Maslow.

  Albert Bandura, Erik Erikson, and Lev Vygotsky.

  Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner.
  theory behaviorism
• What method did Pavlov establish?

  Social learning theory.

  Operant conditioning.

  Classical conditioning.

  Cognitive development.
  conditioning pavlov
• What is operant conditioning according to B.F. Skinner?

  Ignoring unwanted behaviors entirely.

  Punishing behaviors to eliminate them.

  Changing behavior by the use of reinforcement after the desired response.

  Rewarding behaviors without any conditions.
  skinner operant_conditioning
• What are neutral operants?

  Responses that neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior being repeated.

  Responses that always encourage repetition.

  Responses that always discourage repetition.

  Responses that have no effect on behavior.
  behavior neutral_operants
• What is positive reinforcement?

  Ignoring the behavior completely.

  Providing a negative consequence for unwanted behavior.

  Weakening a behavior through punishment.

  Strengthening a behavior by providing a rewarding consequence.
  reinforcement positive
• What is negative reinforcement?

  Providing rewards for undesired behavior.

  The removal of an unpleasant reinforcer to strengthen behavior.

  Adding an unpleasant consequence to weaken behavior.

  Ignoring the behavior to make it disappear.
  reinforcement negative
• What is negative reinforcement?

  The removal of an unpleasant reinforcer that strengthens behavior.

  Ignoring a behavior to weaken it.

  Punishing a behavior to discourage it.

  Adding a pleasant stimulus to strengthen behavior.
  psychology behavior