What is a psychological disorder?
A pattern of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.
What does deviant mean in psychological disorders?
Different from the cultural norm or average.
What does distressful mean in mental health?
Causing emotional or physical suffering for the individual.
What does dysfunctional mean in mental illness?
Interfering with daily life and normal functioning.
Why is context important in defining disorders?
Behaviors may be abnormal in one culture but not in another.
What is the DSM?
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
What edition of the DSM is most current?
DSM-5.
What is the purpose of the DSM?
To standardize the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders.
What are the benefits of diagnosis?
Helps professionals communicate, research disorders, and guide treatment.
What are the downsides of labeling someone with a diagnosis?
Can lead to stigma, self-fulfilling prophecies, and discrimination.
What is the medical model of mental illness?
Views mental disorders as illnesses with biological causes and possible treatments.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
Considers biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors in mental illness.
Why is the biopsychosocial model important?
It provides a more comprehensive understanding of mental disorders.
What is a risk factor?
Any characteristic or exposure that increases the likelihood of developing a disorder.
Give examples of risk factors for mental illness.
What percentage of adults will experience a psychological disorder in their lifetime?
About 50%.
When do most psychological disorders begin?
Before age 24.
What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A disorder characterized by chronic, excessive worry about many things.
What is panic disorder?
Characterized by sudden, intense panic attacks and fear of future attacks.
What is a phobia?
An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
What is social anxiety disorder?
A fear of social situations due to worry about being judged or embarrassed.
What is agoraphobia?
Fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable.
What is OCD?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder—involves unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions).
What are obsessions?
Unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images, or urges.
What are compulsions?
Repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety from obsessions.
What is PTSD?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder—characterized by reliving trauma, avoidance, and hyperarousal.
What causes PTSD?
Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.
What does DSM stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
How is the DSM organized?
By categories of disorders, each with diagnostic criteria.
What is comorbidity?
When an individual meets the criteria for more than one disorder at the same time.
Why is comorbidity important?
It complicates diagnosis and treatment planning.
What is one criticism of the DSM?
It may pathologize normal behavior.
How can labeling lead to self-fulfilling prophecies?
People may act according to the expectations of their diagnosis.
What is lifetime prevalence?
The percentage of people who will experience a disorder at some point in their life.
Which group is at higher risk for mental illness?
Young adults and women (especially for anxiety and depression).
What are common symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?
What are symptoms of panic attacks?
How might phobias develop?
What is an example of classical conditioning in phobias?
Why do people perform compulsions in OCD?
What are common compulsions in OCD?
What are the main symptom clusters of PTSD?
What is hyperarousal in PTSD?
What is a psychological disorder?
A pattern of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.
What does distressful mean in mental health?
Causing emotional or physical suffering for the individual.
Why is context important in defining disorders?
Behaviors may be abnormal in one culture but not in another.
What is the purpose of the DSM?
To standardize the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders.
What are the benefits of diagnosis?
Helps professionals communicate, research disorders, and guide treatment.
What are the downsides of labeling someone with a diagnosis?
Can lead to stigma, self-fulfilling prophecies, and discrimination.
What is the medical model of mental illness?
Views mental disorders as illnesses with biological causes and possible treatments.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
Considers biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors in mental illness.
Why is the biopsychosocial model important?
It provides a more comprehensive understanding of mental disorders.
What is a risk factor?
Any characteristic or exposure that increases the likelihood of developing a disorder.
What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A disorder characterized by chronic, excessive worry about many things.
What is social anxiety disorder?
A fear of social situations due to worry about being judged or embarrassed.
What is OCD?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder—involves unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions).
What is PTSD?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder—characterized by reliving trauma, avoidance, and hyperarousal.
What is comorbidity?
When an individual meets the criteria for more than one disorder at the same time.
How can labeling lead to self-fulfilling prophecies?
People may act according to the expectations of their diagnosis.
What is lifetime prevalence?
The percentage of people who will experience a disorder at some point in their life.
Which group is at higher risk for mental illness?
Young adults and women (especially for anxiety and depression).
What are common symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?
What are symptoms of panic attacks?
What is an example of classical conditioning in phobias?
What are the main symptom clusters of PTSD?
What is hyperarousal in PTSD?
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