Low back pain is characterized by pain, muscle tension, or stiffness between the costal margin and _______ with or without _______.
Low back pain is characterized by pain, muscle tension, or stiffness between the costal margin and inferior gluteal folds with or without leg pain.
Low back pain is the most prevalent chronic pain syndrome, more common in _______ than in _______.
Low back pain is the most prevalent chronic pain syndrome, more common in women than in men.
Low back pain is a leading cause of disability under _______.
Low back pain is a leading cause of disability under 45 years.
Low back pain accounts for the _______ most frequent reason for a physician visit and the _______ most common surgical indication.
Low back pain accounts for the 2nd most frequent reason for a physician visit and the 3rd most common surgical indication.
Symptoms of low back pain usually improve within _______.
Symptoms of low back pain usually improve within 8 weeks.
Acute low back pain lasts for less than _______, while subacute lasts from _______.
Acute low back pain lasts for less than 6 weeks, while subacute lasts from 6 to 12 weeks.
Chronic low back pain lasts longer than _______ and comprises _______ of cases.
Chronic low back pain lasts longer than 12 weeks and comprises 5-10% of cases.
Risk factors for low back pain include _______, _______, heavy lifting, _______, pregnancy, psychosocial factors, weak trunk, occupational factors, and a _______.
Risk factors for low back pain include obesity, genetics, heavy lifting, smoking, pregnancy, psychosocial factors, weak trunk, occupational factors, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Most cases of low back pain are caused by nonspecific _______. Degenerative changes account for _______ and herniations for _______.
Most cases of low back pain are caused by nonspecific musculoskeletal pain. Degenerative changes account for 10% and herniations for 4%.
The most common source of pain in low back issues is the _______.
The most common source of pain in low back issues is the facet joints.
Red flag signs for low back pain include pain at rest or at night, _______, _______, _______, incontinence, neurological weakness, a history of steroid use, and _______.
Red flag signs for low back pain include pain at rest or at night, weight loss, fever, urinary retention, incontinence, neurological weakness, a history of steroid use, and cancer.
Prolonged steroid use, significant trauma, history of _______, and old age are red flags for _______.
Prolonged steroid use, significant trauma, history of osteoporosis, and old age are red flags for vertebral fractures.
Signs indicating possible cancer include a history of cancer, _______, age (children and old), and persistent pain at _______ or at rest.
Signs indicating possible cancer include a history of cancer, unexplained weight loss, age (children and old), and persistent pain at night or at rest.
Fever, intravenous drug use, intractable pain, history of _______, recent infection, and _______ are red flags for infection.
Fever, intravenous drug use, intractable pain, history of lumbar surgery, recent infection, and immunosuppression are red flags for infection.
Severe morning stiffness lasting longer than _______ that improves with activity, pain during the second half of the night, young age, alternating _______, and accompanying symptoms indicate inflammatory disease.
Severe morning stiffness lasting longer than 30 minutes that improves with activity, pain during the second half of the night, young age, alternating buttock pain, and accompanying symptoms indicate inflammatory disease.
Symptoms indicating abdominal aorta aneurysms include an abdominal _______, history of _______, and old age.
Symptoms indicating abdominal aorta aneurysms include an abdominal pulsatile mass, history of atherosclerotic disease, and old age.
Cauda equina syndrome is a surgical emergency caused by compression from herniation, hematomas, abscesses, or fractures resulting in _______, _______, saddle anesthesia, and neurological loss in the lower extremities.
Cauda equina syndrome is a surgical emergency caused by compression from herniation, hematomas, abscesses, or fractures resulting in fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, saddle anesthesia, and neurological loss in the lower extremities.
Pain that is relieved by _______ at sitting is a sign of spinal stenosis.
Pain that is relieved by bending at sitting is a sign of spinal stenosis.
Neural compression symptoms and signs of infection or _______ are considered red flags.
Neural compression symptoms and signs of infection or malignancy are considered red flags.
Psychosocial distress resulting from low back pain is referred to as a _______.
Psychosocial distress resulting from low back pain is referred to as a yellow flag.
Structural scoliosis is characterized by persistence during _______, while functional scoliosis due to muscle spasms disappears.
Structural scoliosis is characterized by persistence during forward flexion, while functional scoliosis due to muscle spasms disappears.
The straight leg raise test may show radiculopathy of _______, _______, and _______, but is sensitive but not specific for L4-L5 or L5-S1 disk herniation.
The straight leg raise test may show radiculopathy of L5, S1, and S2, but is sensitive but not specific for L4-L5 or L5-S1 disk herniation.
Femoral nerve stretch tests assess L2 and L3 nerve radiculopathy, but are sensitive but not specific for _______ or _______.
Femoral nerve stretch tests assess L2 and L3 nerve radiculopathy, but are sensitive but not specific for L1-L2 or L2-L3 herniation.
Imaging is required if _______ are present, there is suspicion of _______ or symptoms persist for more than _______ with management.
Imaging is required if red flag signs are present, there is suspicion of underlying systemic disease or symptoms persist for more than 6-8 weeks with management.
MRI does not improve outcomes in _______.
MRI does not improve outcomes in early phases.
Imaging can be used if pain persists > _______ despite therapy and there are no symptoms of _______ or _______. Plain _______ are the first option.
Imaging can be used if pain persists > 6-8 wks despite therapy and there are no symptoms of radiculopathy or spinal stenosis. Plain radiographs are the first option.
In suspicion of a _______, in surgical candidates (progressive _______), or epidural injection candidates (_______, _______) MRI without contrast is used.
In suspicion of a systemic disease, in surgical candidates (progressive neurological deficits), or epidural injection candidates (radiculopathy, spinal stenosis) MRI without contrast is used.
Low back pain is characterized by pain, muscle tension, or stiffness between the costal margin and inferior gluteal folds with or without leg pain.
Low back pain accounts for the 2nd most frequent reason for a physician visit and the 3rd most common surgical indication.
Risk factors for low back pain include obesity, genetics, heavy lifting, smoking, pregnancy, psychosocial factors, weak trunk, occupational factors, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Most cases of low back pain are caused by nonspecific musculoskeletal pain. Degenerative changes account for 10% and herniations for 4%.
Red flag signs for low back pain include pain at rest or at night, weight loss, fever, urinary retention, incontinence, neurological weakness, a history of steroid use, and cancer.
Prolonged steroid use, significant trauma, history of osteoporosis, and old age are red flags for vertebral fractures.
Signs indicating possible cancer include a history of cancer, unexplained weight loss, age (children and old), and persistent pain at night or at rest.
Fever, intravenous drug use, intractable pain, history of lumbar surgery, recent infection, and immunosuppression are red flags for infection.
Severe morning stiffness lasting longer than 30 minutes that improves with activity, pain during the second half of the night, young age, alternating buttock pain, and accompanying symptoms indicate inflammatory disease.
Symptoms indicating abdominal aorta aneurysms include an abdominal pulsatile mass, history of atherosclerotic disease, and old age.
Cauda equina syndrome is a surgical emergency caused by compression from herniation, hematomas, abscesses, or fractures resulting in fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, saddle anesthesia, and neurological loss in the lower extremities.
Structural scoliosis is characterized by persistence during forward flexion, while functional scoliosis due to muscle spasms disappears.
The straight leg raise test may show radiculopathy of L5, S1, and S2, but is sensitive but not specific for L4-L5 or L5-S1 disk herniation.
Femoral nerve stretch tests assess L2 and L3 nerve radiculopathy, but are sensitive but not specific for L1-L2 or L2-L3 herniation.
Imaging is required if red flag signs are present, there is suspicion of underlying systemic disease or symptoms persist for more than 6-8 weeks with management.
Imaging can be used if pain persists > 6-8 wks despite therapy and there are no symptoms of radiculopathy or spinal stenosis. Plain radiographs are the first option.
In suspicion of a systemic disease, in surgical candidates (progressive neurological deficits), or epidural injection candidates (radiculopathy, spinal stenosis) MRI without contrast is used.
Low back pain (LBP) is defined as pain and stiffness occurring between the costal margin and inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain.
Chronic: >12 weeks (5-10% of cases)
Risk Factors: Obesity, genetics, heavy lifting, smoking, pregnancy, psychosocial issues, weak trunk, sedentary lifestyle.
Most LBP arises from nonspecific musculoskeletal causes:
Red Flags for Serious Conditions: - Pain at rest, significant weight loss, fever, urinary retention, neurological weakness. - History of steroid use, cancer, prolonged steroid use, significant trauma, old age (vertebral fractures). - Cancer Indicators: History of cancer, unexplained weight loss, persistent night pain. - Infection Indicators: Fever, IV drug use, recent infection, immunosuppression. - Inflammatory Disease: Severe morning stiffness >30 mins, pain worsening at night, alternating buttock pain.
Specific conditions associated with LBP:
Clinical tests and imaging for diagnosis:
Imaging Guidelines: - Required if red flags are present or if symptoms persist >6-8 weeks. - MRI: Not useful early; indicated for progressive neurological deficits or suspicion of systemic disease. - Plain Radiographs: First imaging option if pain persists.
Are you sure you want to delete 0 flashcard(s)? This cannot be undone.
Select tags to remove from 0 selected flashcard(s):
Loading tags...