Flashcards in this deck (76)

• What are the two types of bone?

  Compact bone and spongy bone
  anatomy bones
• What covers the external surfaces of all bones?

  Compact bone
  anatomy bones
• What is the basic structural unit of compact bone?

  Osteon
  anatomy bones
• What are the concentric circles of matrix in an osteon called?

  Lamellae
  anatomy bones
• What are the spaces within the matrix where osteocytes live?

  Lacunae
  anatomy bones
• What connects osteocytes to blood supply and to each other?

  Canaliculi
  anatomy bones
• What contains blood vessels and nerves in bone?

  Central Canal
  anatomy bones
• What carries blood and nerve supply from periosteum to central canals?

  Perforating Canal
  anatomy bones
• What is the structure of spongy bone?

  No osteons, has trabeculae
  anatomy bones
• Where is spongy bone found?

  Flat & irregular bones, long bones, epiphyses
  anatomy bones
• What does red marrow produce?

  Blood cells
  anatomy bones
• What is the anatomical position?

  Feet, face, & palms forward
  anatomy terms
• What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

  Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton
  anatomy skeleton
• How many bones are in the Axial Skeleton?

  80 bones
  anatomy skeleton
• What bones are included in the Axial Skeleton?

  Skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, thoracic cage
  anatomy skeleton
• How many bones are in the Appendicular Skeleton?

  126 bones
  anatomy skeleton
• What does the Appendicular Skeleton include?

  Limbs and girdles
  anatomy skeleton
• What are the three main groupings of the skull?

  Cranium, facial bones, auditory ossicles
  anatomy skull
• How many bones are in the cranium?

  8 bones
  anatomy skull
• How many facial bones are there?

  14 bones
  anatomy skull
• How many auditory ossicles are there?

  6 (3 on each side)
  anatomy skull
• What forms the superior and middle nasal chonchae?

  Ethmoid bone
  anatomy skull
• What is unique about the hyoid bone?

  No articulations with other bones
  anatomy hyoid
• How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

  26 vertebrae
  anatomy vertebrae
• What are the five regions of the vertebral column?

  Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the function of the transverse foramen in cervical vertebrae?

  Passage of vertebral arteries
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the first cervical vertebra called?

  Atlas
  anatomy vertebrae
• What allows the rotation of the head on the neck?

  Axis vertebra (C2) with dens
  anatomy vertebrae
• What do all thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

  Ribs via costal facets
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the characteristic of lumbar vertebrae?

  Large bodies and rectangular spinous processes
  anatomy vertebrae
• How many fused vertebrae are in the coccyx?

  3-5 fused vertebrae, usually 4
  anatomy vertebrae
• What does the coccyx articulate with?

  Ilium (appendicular skeleton) and 5th lumbar vertebra (L5)
  anatomy coccyx
• What is the curvature of the cervical and lumbar regions?

  Concave posterior curve
  anatomy spinal_curvature
• What is the curvature of the thoracic and sacrum regions?

  Convex posterior curve
  anatomy spinal_curvature
• What is scoliosis?

  Spinal column curves laterally
  anatomy spinal_disorders
• What is kyphosis?

  Exaggerated thoracic curve
  anatomy spinal_disorders
• What is lordosis?

  Exaggerated lumbar curve
  anatomy spinal_disorders
• What is the thoracic cage?

  Protects thoracic organs
  anatomy thoracic_cage
• What is the sternum?

  Breast bone, fusion of 3 bones: manubrium, body, xiphoid process
  anatomy sternum
• How many pairs of ribs are there?

  12 pairs total
  anatomy ribs
• What are true ribs?

  7 pairs that attach directly to sternum via costal cartilage
  anatomy ribs
• What are false ribs?

  5 pairs; ribs 8-10 attach indirectly, ribs 11-12 are floating ribs
  anatomy ribs
• What composes the pectoral girdle?

  Clavicle and scapula
  anatomy pectoral_girdle
• What does the clavicle articulate with?

  Sternum (manubrium) and scapula (acromion process)
  anatomy clavicle
• What is the function of the scapula?

  Articulates with humerus and provides muscle attachment
  anatomy scapula
• What is the pelvic girdle composed of?

  2 os coxae (hip bones) formed by ilium, ischium, pubis
  anatomy pelvic_girdle
• What is the pubic symphysis?

  Cartilaginous joint between the pubic bones
  anatomy pubic_symphysis
• What articulates with the head of the femur?

  Acetabulum
  anatomy femur
• What are the components of the upper limb?

  Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
  anatomy upper_limb
• What are the components of the lower limb?

  Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
  anatomy lower_limb
• What is the diaphysis?

  Shaft (body) of a long bone
  anatomy long_bone
• What is the epiphyseal plate?

  Hyaline cartilage used for bone growth (length)
  anatomy long_bone
• What is the periosteum?

  External surface of bone, 2 layers of connective tissue
  anatomy long_bone
• What are the types of structural joints?

  Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
  anatomy joints
• What characterizes fibrous joints?

  No joint cavity, connected by fibrous connective tissue
  anatomy fibrous_joints
• What characterizes synovial joints?

  Joint capsule, ligaments, joint cavity, synovial fluid
  anatomy synovial_joints
• What is the outer layer of a joint called?

  Fibrous capsule
  anatomy joints
• What does the fibrous capsule attach to?

  Periosteum
  anatomy joints
• What is the inner layer of a joint?

  Synovial membrane
  anatomy joints
• What does the synovial membrane secrete?

  Synovial fluid
  anatomy joints
• How are joints classified based on the shape of articulating bones?

  By types: plane, hinge, pivot, ball & socket
  anatomy joints
• What type of joint has flat surfaces?

  Plane/gliding joint
  anatomy joints
• Give an example of a plane/gliding joint.

  Sacroiliac joint
  anatomy joints
• What type of joint has concave/convex surfaces?

  Hinge joint
  anatomy joints
• Give examples of hinge joints.

  Elbow, knee
  anatomy joints
• What type of joint features a projection in a ring?

  Pivot joint
  anatomy joints
• Give an example of a pivot joint.

  Dens (on axis) in atlas
  anatomy joints
• What type of joint allows great freedom of movement?

  Ball & socket joint
  anatomy joints
• Give examples of ball & socket joints.

  Humerus in glenoid fossa, femur in acetabulum (hip)
  anatomy joints
• How are functional joints classified?

  Based on degree of movement
  anatomy joints
• What is a synarthrotic joint?

  Immovable joint
  anatomy joints
• Give an example of a synarthrotic joint.

  Skull sutures
  anatomy joints
• What is an amphiarthrotic joint?

  Slightly movable joint
  anatomy joints
• Give an example of an amphiarthrotic joint.

  Pubic symphysis
  anatomy joints
• What is a diarthrotic joint?

  Freely movable joint
  anatomy joints
• Give examples of diarthrotic joints.

  Hip, shoulder
  anatomy joints