Flashcards in this deck (25)

• What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

  • Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain & spinal cord.
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): All nerves outside the CNS.
  nervous_system anatomy
• How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

  12 pairs
  nervous_system cranial_nerves
• What is the function of cranial nerves?

  Function as sensory, motor, or mixed nerves.
  nervous_system cranial_nerves
• Which cranial nerve is considered part of the CNS?

  CN II (Optic nerve)
  nervous_system cns
• How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

  31 pairs
  nervous_system spinal_nerves
• What are the components of a spinal nerve?

  Contains both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers.
  nervous_system spinal_nerves
• What are the divisions of spinal nerves?

  • Cervical (8)
  • Thoracic (12)
  • Lumbar (5)
  • Sacral (5)
  • Coccygeal (1)
  nervous_system spinal_nerves
• What do afferent nerve fibers do?

  Transmit ascending signals to the CNS.
  nervous_system nerve_fibers
• What do efferent nerve fibers do?

  Transmit descending signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.
  nervous_system nerve_fibers
• What are fascicles in the PNS?

  Bundles of myelinated axons.
  nervous_system anatomy
• What are plexuses in the PNS?

  Networks of nerve fibers.
  nervous_system anatomy
• What does the Brachial Plexus innervate?

  Innervates the shoulder & upper limb.
  nervous_system plexus
• What does the Lumbar Plexus supply?

  Supplies anterior thigh & abdominal muscles.
  nervous_system plexus
• What does the Sacral Plexus innervate?

  Innervates posterior thigh, leg & foot.
  nervous_system plexus
• What are dermatomes?

  Regions of the skin supplied by specific spinal nerves.
  nervous_system dermatomes
• What does the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) control?

  Controls voluntary movements.
  nervous_system sns
• What does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) regulate?

  Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
  nervous_system ans
• What is the function of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

  Prepares body for emergencies (e.g., increases heart rate).
  nervous_system sympathetic
• What neurotransmitter do preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release?

  Acetylcholine (ACh)
  nervous_system neurotransmitters
• What neurotransmitter do postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release?

  Norepinephrine (NE) (except sweat glands, which use ACh).
  nervous_system neurotransmitters
• What is the function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

  Conserves energy and promotes digestion.
  nervous_system parasympathetic
• What neurotransmitter do both preganglionic & postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release?

  Acetylcholine (ACh)
  nervous_system neurotransmitters
• What does the Enteric Nervous System control?

  Controls digestive tract functions.
  nervous_system enteric
• What are the types of cholinergic receptors?

  • Nicotinic (N2): Found in autonomic ganglia.
  • Muscarinic: Found in parasympathetic target organs.
  nervous_system neurotransmitters
• What are the types of adrenergic receptors?

  • Alpha-1: Vasoconstriction.
  • Alpha-2: Inhibitory functions.
  • Beta-1: Increases heart rate.
  • Beta-2: Bronchodilation & smooth muscle relaxation.
  • Beta-3: Lipolysis in adipose tissue.
  nervous_system neurotransmitters