Flashcards in this deck (54)

• What are the two major groups of body membranes?

  • Epithelial membranes
  • Connective tissue membranes
  anatomy membranes
• What are epithelial membranes also called?

  • Covering membranes
  • Lining membranes
  anatomy membranes
• What composes the cutaneous membrane?

  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  anatomy skin
• What type of membrane lines body cavities open to the exterior?

  Mucous membrane
  anatomy membranes
• What type of membrane is the serous membrane?

  Composed of simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue.
  anatomy membranes
• What does the dermis provide for the skin?

  Most of the strength of the skin.
  anatomy skin
• What is the subcutaneous tissue also known as?

  Hypodermis
  anatomy skin
• What is the function of the integumentary system?

  Includes skin and accessory structures like hair, glands, and nails.
  anatomy integumentary
• What is the epidermis composed of?

  Stratified squamous epithelial tissue.
  anatomy skin
• What does the skin color depend on?

  The amount of melanin produced.
  anatomy skin
• What are the accessory structures of the skin?

  • Hair
  • Glands
  • Nails
  anatomy skin
• What is one function of the skin?

  • Protection
  • Sensation
  • Temperature Regulation
  • Vitamin D Production
  • Excretion
  anatomy skin
• What type of skin cancer is the most common?

  Basal Cell Carcinoma
  anatomy cancer
• What is squamous cell carcinoma?

  A type of skin cancer that arises from squamous cells.
  anatomy cancer
• What is melanoma?

  A serious form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes.
  anatomy cancer
• What is the main function of the dermis?

  Produces melanin

  Provides strength to the skin

  Regulates temperature

  Secretes oil
  anatomy skin
• What type of tissue is the epidermis made of?

  Dense irregular connective tissue

  Simple cuboidal epithelium

  Loose connective tissue

  Stratified squamous epithelium
  anatomy skin
• Which membrane is moist and lines hollow organs?

  Synovial membrane

  Cutaneous membrane

  Mucous membrane

  Serous membrane
  anatomy membranes
• What are keratinocytes?

  Most common cell in the epidermis; produces keratin, providing durability and resistance to abrasion.
  cells epidermis
• What is keratinization?

  The process of cells accumulating keratin as they move from deeper epidermal layers to the surface.
  process keratinization
• What do melanocytes produce?

  Melanin, which contributes to skin color.
  cells pigment
• What are Langerhans cells?

  Cells that are part of the immune system.
  cells immune
• What are Merkel cells associated with?

  Nerve endings that detect light touch.
  cells sensation
• What layers are included in the epidermis?

  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum germinativum
  layers epidermis
• What characterizes the stratum basale?

  Deepest layer of the epidermis; composed of a single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells.
  layers stratum_basale
• How often do keratinocyte stem cells undergo mitosis?

  Approximately every 19 days.
  cells mitosis
• How long does it take for cells to reach the epidermal surface?

  40-56 days.
  cells epidermis
• What is the stratum corneum composed of?

  20 to 30 layers of dead, overlapping squamous cells filled with keratin.
  layers stratum_corneum
• What are cornified cells?

  Dead cells in the stratum corneum filled with keratin.
  cells keratin
• What is the role of lipids released from lamellar bodies?

  Responsible for the skin's permeability characteristics.
  lipids skin
• What characterizes the stratum granulosum?

  Two to five layers of flattened cells with keratohyalin accumulating.
  layers stratum_granulosum
• What is found in the stratum lucidum?

  Several layers of dead keratinocytes with indistinct boundaries.
  layers stratum_lucidum
• What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?

  Stratum spinosum

  Stratum granulosum

  Stratum basale

  Stratum corneum
  layers epidermis
• What type of keratin is found in skin?

  Hard keratin

  Soft keratin

  Elastin

  Collagen
  keratin skin
• What layer contains keratohyalin?

  Stratum lucidum

  Stratum corneum

  Stratum spinosum

  Stratum granulosum
  layers keratohyalin
• What do desmosomes do?

  Detect light touch

  Anchor to basement membrane

  Store melanin

  Hold keratinocytes together
  cells desmosomes
• What is the function of the hemidesmosomes?

  Join keratinocytes

  Anchor cells to the basement membrane

  Detect touch

  Release lipids
  cells hemidesmosomes
• What happens to cells as they move towards the surface?

  They flatten and eventually die, forming an outer layer of dead cells.
  cells keratinization
• What is the stratum spinosum composed of?

  8 to 10 layers of cells that flatten as they are pushed to the surface.
  layers stratum_spinosum
• What is the role of lamellar bodies?

  Release lipids to the extracellular space during keratinization.
  cells lipids
• What happens to organelles in the most superficial layers of the stratum granulosum?

  They degenerate and the keratinocyte dies.
  cells stratum_granulosum
• What is the direction of cell movement in the epidermis?

  From deep to superficial layers.
  cells epidermis
• What is shown in the diagram regarding the epidermal layers?

  It illustrates the structure and keratinization process in the epidermis.
  diagram epidermis
• What does the histological image of skin show?

  It labels the layers of the epidermis and dermis.
  histology skin
• What is the difference between thick skin and thin skin?

  • Thick skin: Hairless, has all five strata, found in areas of pressure (e.g., palms).
  • Thin skin: Hairy, lacks stratum lucidum, covers rest of the body.
  anatomy skin
• Where is thick skin typically found?

  • Palms
  • Fingertips
  • Soles
  anatomy skin
• What are the characteristics of thin skin?

  • Covers most of the body
  • Fewer layers of cells
  • Has hair
  anatomy skin
• What is a callous?

  An increase in thickness of the stratum corneum due to friction or pressure, providing protection.
  anatomy skin
• What is a corn?

  A smaller, defined growth with a central core, occurring on the skin due to pressure.
  anatomy skin
• What is the function of Meissner's corpuscle?

  It is a sensory receptor responsible for sensitivity to light touch.
  anatomy nervous_system
• What structure is found in thick skin but not in thin skin?

  Hair follicles

  Sebaceous glands

  Stratum lucidum

  Eccrine sweat glands
  anatomy skin
• What is the primary function of the stratum corneum?

  Sensory reception

  Temperature regulation

  Protection against mechanical stress

  Nutrient absorption
  anatomy skin
• What does the variation of the dermis account for?

  Most of the difference in total skin thickness.
  anatomy skin
• What is the papillary dermis responsible for?

  It contains dermal papillae that increase surface area and enhance nutrient exchange.
  anatomy skin