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Flashcards in this deck (27)
  • oxytocin for non- pregnancy?

    oxytocin is only for pregnancy related bleeding, hemorrhage, lack of contractions. never for non-pregnancy things!!!

  • what is adequate contractions

    3-4cms/ 10 mins or 200 MVUs

  • is arrested zero or adequate contractions?

    arrested= adequate contractions

  • When does the active stage of labor start?

    At 6 cm dilation.

    labor stages
  • What is the expected dilation rate during active labor?

    At least 1 cm every 2 hours.

    labor dilation
  • Define protracted labor.

    no contractions at all! Dilation of less than 1-2 cm with slow cervical change.

    labor protracted
  • What characterizes arrested labor?

    No cervical change for ≥4 hours with contractions. or 6 hours with inadequate contractions. if there's no contractions, i give u more time to get them

    labor arrested
  • What is the treatment for arrested labor?

    C-Section.

    labor treatment
  • What constitutes inadequate contractions in arrested labor?

    Less than 3-4 contractions per 10 minutes for ≥6 hours.

    labor arrested
  • when does second stage of labor start?

    at 10 cms... completion of cervical dilation and effacement

  • What is the typical duration for nulliparous mothers during the second stage of labor?

    3-4 hours.

    labor timing
  • what position is favorable for baby coming out in second stage?

    left occiput anterior! It helps the baby's skull press on the cervix, encouraging dilation and effacement.

    labor position
  • How long might multilliparous women with an epidural push for in second stage of labor

    3 hours with or 2 hours without

  • What is Left Occiput Anterior (LOA) position?

    The baby's occiput is facing the anterior of the mother's body.

    labor position
  • what is the 3rd stage of labor

    placenta is out

    labor placenta
  • What is a key diagnostic criterion for pre-eclampsia?

    Proteinuria = 2+

    BP: 140/90

    medical pre-eclampsia
  • How long might nulliparous women with an epidural push for in second stage of labor

    4 hours with an epidural.

    labor timing
  • What defines severe hypertension in pre-eclampsia?

    BP: ≥160/110 mmHg

    medical hypertension
  • What is the treatment for pre-eclampsia in gestations <32 weeks?

    • Magnesium sulfate
    • Steroids
    medical treatment
  • What treatment is indicated for complicated ROM?

    Delivery

    medical management
  • what are the drugs used for fibroids?

    GnRH agonists (leuprolide) → shrink by ↓ estrogen

    Progestin therapy or OCPs → bleeding control

    Tranexamic acid → heavy menses reduction

    IUD (LNG) → bleeding control

  • What should be administered for ROM >34 weeks?

    • Delivery
    • Penicillin
    • Steroids
    medical treatment
  • What is another name for uterine leiomyoma?

    Fibroids

    medical conditions
  • What is a common symptom of uterine leiomyoma?

    • Heavy bleeding
    • Irregular contour
    medical symptoms
  • What medicine stabilizes the clot in uterine leiomyoma?

    Tranexamic Acid

    medical treatment
  • Who should avoid taking OCPs (oral contraceptive pills)?

    People with migraines

    medical contraindications
  • Who is endometrial ablation in fibrioids typically avoided in?

    Reproductive age group

    medical procedures
Study Notes

Stages of Labor

Stages of Labor

1. Latent Phase

Active Phase - Starts at 6 cm dilation. - Cervical dilation of ≥1 cm every 2 hours.

Complications

  • Protracted labor: Dilation < 1-2 cm with zero contractions or very slow change.
  • Arrested labor: No cervical change despite contractions; may require:
  • Oxytocin treatment.
  • C-Section if complications persist after 4 or more hours with inadequate contractions.

Completion of Cervical Dilation & Effacement

2. Baby Delivery

  • Duration:
  • Nulliparous: ≥ 3 hours.
  • Multiparous: ≥ 2 hours or 3 hours with epidural, or ≥ 4 hours of pushing.

Favorable Position

  • Left Occiput Anterior (LOA): This position facilitates delivery as the baby's occiput presses on the cervix, promoting dilation.

3. Placenta Delivery

  • Following the birth of the baby.

Pre-eclampsia

Diagnostic Criteria

  1. Proteinuria: 2+ indicates diagnosis.
  2. Blood Pressure:
  3. ≥ 140/90 mmHg
  4. Severe: ≥ 160/110 mmHg.

Management Considerations

  • Administer Magnesium sulfate for <32 weeks.
  • Use steroids and penicillin as necessary.

Rupture of Membranes (ROM)

Management Based on Timing

  • <34 weeks (uncomplicated): Administer steroids and general management.
  • Complicated cases require immediate delivery.
  • >34 weeks: Proceed with delivery, providing penicillin and steroids.

Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroids)

Overview

  • Characterized by an irregular contour and heavy bleeding.

Treatment Options

  • Tranexamic acid: Stabilizes clots to prevent disintegration.
  • Oral contraceptives (OCPs): Caution in individuals with migraines.

Endometrial Ablation

  • Generally not recommended for individuals in the reproductive age group.