Which statement about telomeres is true?
When they become too short, the cell division still takes place
They become longer each time the cell divides
They keep the chromosomes protected
They are regions of repetitive DNA sequence found in the middle of the chromosome
Which statement about telomeres is true?
When they become too short, the cell division still takes place
They become longer each time the cell divides
They keep the chromosomes protected
They are regions of repetitive DNA sequence found in the middle of the chromosome
If a parent cell has twelve chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have following meiosis?
Six chromosomes
Twelve chromosomes
Any one of these could be correct
Twenty-four chromosomes
If a parent cell has twelve chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have following meiosis?
Six chromosomes
Twelve chromosomes
Any one of these could be correct
Twenty-four chromosomes
How many chromosomes does a human germ-line cell contain?
46
118
23
92
How many chromosomes does a human germ-line cell contain?
46
118
23
92
What is needed to pass the G2/M checkpoint of the cell cycle?
Cdk 4/Cyclin D
Cdk1/Cyclin E
Cdk2/Cyclin E
Cdk1/Cyclin B
What is needed to pass the G2/M checkpoint of the cell cycle?
Cdk 4/Cyclin D
Cdk1/Cyclin E
Cdk2/Cyclin E
Cdk1/Cyclin B
A karyotype reveals a fetus with 47 chromosomes and an XYY genotype. Which statement is correct?
This is trisomy most likely the egg cell had a nondisjunction
All of the above could cause this genotype
This monosomy most likely the mother had a nondisjunction
This is trisomy most likely the sperm cell had a nondisjunction
A karyotype reveals a fetus with 47 chromosomes and an XYY genotype. Which statement is correct?
This is trisomy most likely the egg cell had a nondisjunction
All of the above could cause this genotype
This monosomy most likely the mother had a nondisjunction
This is trisomy most likely the sperm cell had a nondisjunction
The GTP-bound α subunits of the G-protein activate adenylate cyclase, while its βγ complexes activate phospholipase C. True or False?
False
True
The GTP-bound α subunits of the G-protein activate adenylate cyclase, while its βγ complexes activate phospholipase C. True or False?
False
True
Which is the correct sequence of steps leading to the formation of tightly packaged chromosomes?
rosettes, chromatin loops, solenoids, nucleosomes
nucleosomes, solenoids, chromatin loops, rosettes
solenoids, nucleosomes, chromatin loops, rosettes
chromatin loops, nucleosomes, rossetes, solenoids
Which is the correct sequence of steps leading to the formation of tightly packaged chromosomes?
rosettes, chromatin loops, solenoids, nucleosomes
nucleosomes, solenoids, chromatin loops, rosettes
solenoids, nucleosomes, chromatin loops, rosettes
chromatin loops, nucleosomes, rossetes, solenoids
The picture represents a cell in which phase?
prometaphase
prophase
G2 phase
G1 phase
The picture represents a cell in which phase?
prometaphase
prophase
G2 phase
G1 phase
Which process would NOT be affected by colchicine, which interferes with microtubule formation?
formation of the contractile ring
overall shape of cell
orientation of chromosomes at opposite poles of cell
mitotic spindle
Which process would NOT be affected by colchicine, which interferes with microtubule formation?
formation of the contractile ring
overall shape of cell
orientation of chromosomes at opposite poles of cell
mitotic spindle
Which of the following is found in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?
cell division
a spindle consisting of microtubules
separation of sister chromatids
paired homologous chromosomes
Which of the following is found in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?
cell division
a spindle consisting of microtubules
separation of sister chromatids
paired homologous chromosomes
Sexual reproduction requires:
all of the above
meiosis
gamete formation
fertilization
Sexual reproduction requires:
all of the above
meiosis
gamete formation
fertilization
At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes photographed for karyotype preparation?
prophase
G1 phase
S phase
late telophase
At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes photographed for karyotype preparation?
prophase
G1 phase
S phase
late telophase
Adrenaline binds to GPCRs and leads to the following responses EXCEPT:
increased heart rate
fat breakdown
glycogen breakdown
smooth muscle contraction
Adrenaline binds to GPCRs and leads to the following responses EXCEPT:
increased heart rate
fat breakdown
glycogen breakdown
smooth muscle contraction
During which phase of mitosis would you expect to see chromosomes consisting of two sister chromatids within the nucleus?
anaphase
metaphase
prometaphase
prophase
During which phase of mitosis would you expect to see chromosomes consisting of two sister chromatids within the nucleus?
anaphase
metaphase
prometaphase
prophase
How can one differentiate between a homozygous dominant individual and one who is heterozygous for the dominant trait?
by crossing each individual in question with a homozygous dominant and examining the offspring
by crossing each individual in question with a homozygous recessive and examining the offspring
none of the above is correct
by crossing the individuals in question with each other
How can one differentiate between a homozygous dominant individual and one who is heterozygous for the dominant trait?
by crossing each individual in question with a homozygous dominant and examining the offspring
by crossing each individual in question with a homozygous recessive and examining the offspring
none of the above is correct
by crossing the individuals in question with each other
In humans, pointed eyebrows (B) are dominant over smooth eyebrows (b). Mary's father has pointed eyebrows, but she and her mother have smooth. What is the genotype of the father?
Bb
BB
A and C
bb
In humans, pointed eyebrows (B) are dominant over smooth eyebrows (b). Mary's father has pointed eyebrows, but she and her mother have smooth. What is the genotype of the father?
Bb
BB
A and C
bb
Sometimes one gene will interact so as to control the expression of a second gene in an interaction called
epistasis
incomplete dominance
co-dominance
pleiotropy
Sometimes one gene will interact so as to control the expression of a second gene in an interaction called
epistasis
incomplete dominance
co-dominance
pleiotropy
A human female with only one X chromosome is said to have a condition called
hemophilia
Down syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
A human female with only one X chromosome is said to have a condition called
hemophilia
Down syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
IP3 opens ion channels in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, releasing a flood of Ca2+ ions into the cytoplasm.
True
False
IP3 opens ion channels in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, releasing a flood of Ca2+ ions into the cytoplasm.
True
False
If the XY individuals had a genetic disorder in which SRY gene is mutated, their genotype and phenotype would be
XY, male
XY, female
XX, female
XX, male
If the XY individuals had a genetic disorder in which SRY gene is mutated, their genotype and phenotype would be
XY, male
XY, female
XX, female
XX, male
Cytokinesis
is division of cytoplasm in animals
A and D
is the longest part of the cell cycle
requires the formation of a cell plate in plant cells
is mitosis in plants
Cytokinesis
is division of cytoplasm in animals
A and D
is the longest part of the cell cycle
requires the formation of a cell plate in plant cells
is mitosis in plants
During the last checkpoint, a cell is checking whether
chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate
sister chromatids have been produced
two centrosomes are present
the DNA is damaged
During the last checkpoint, a cell is checking whether
chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate
sister chromatids have been produced
two centrosomes are present
the DNA is damaged
Which of the following characterize telophase?
A and D
reformation of nuclear envelope
separation of sister chromatids
decondensation of chromosomes
formation of spindle apparatus
Which of the following characterize telophase?
A and D
reformation of nuclear envelope
separation of sister chromatids
decondensation of chromosomes
formation of spindle apparatus
This pedigree demonstrates an example of an autosomal-linked recessive trait.
False
True
This pedigree demonstrates an example of an autosomal-linked recessive trait.
False
True
All of the following might describe the events occuring in prophase I EXCEPT
separation of homologous chromosomes
formation of spindle apparatus
crossing over
tetrad formation
All of the following might describe the events occuring in prophase I EXCEPT
separation of homologous chromosomes
formation of spindle apparatus
crossing over
tetrad formation
Meiosis is a division mechanism that produces
E
four nuclei
two nuclei
two cells
four cells
B and C
Meiosis is a division mechanism that produces
E
four nuclei
two nuclei
two cells
four cells
B and C
What type of inheritance does this pedigree chart suggest?
X-linked recessive
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
X-linked dominant
What type of inheritance does this pedigree chart suggest?
X-linked recessive
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
X-linked dominant
How many Barr bodies are found in a normal human female cell?
True
False
How many Barr bodies are found in a normal human female cell?
True
False
Which statement accurately describes the daughter cells produced during mitosis?
they differ genetically from one another and the parent cells
they are genetically identical to one another but different from the parent cell
one of the daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell
they are genetically identical to one another and to the parent cells
Which statement accurately describes the daughter cells produced during mitosis?
they differ genetically from one another and the parent cells
they are genetically identical to one another but different from the parent cell
one of the daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell
they are genetically identical to one another and to the parent cells
What protein levels are typically found in most tumor cells?
low levels of p53 protein and high levels of Ras protein
high levels of p53 protein
low levels of p53 protein
high levels of Ras protein
low levels of Ras protein
What protein levels are typically found in most tumor cells?
low levels of p53 protein and high levels of Ras protein
high levels of p53 protein
low levels of p53 protein
high levels of Ras protein
low levels of Ras protein
What are the main components of chromatin?
RNA and phospholipids
protein and carbohydrates
DNA and protein
steroids and proteins
DNA and structural polysaccharides
What are the main components of chromatin?
RNA and phospholipids
protein and carbohydrates
DNA and protein
steroids and proteins
DNA and structural polysaccharides
Which offspring inherit all mitochondrial DNA from their mother?
daughters
mitochondrial DNA is inherited from both parents
both daughters and sons
sons
Which offspring inherit all mitochondrial DNA from their mother?
daughters
mitochondrial DNA is inherited from both parents
both daughters and sons
sons
Mendel's principle of independent assortment applies only if two different genes are located in the same pair of homologous chromosomes.
False
True
Mendel's principle of independent assortment applies only if two different genes are located in the same pair of homologous chromosomes.
False
True
If a female is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait, what percentage of her male children would also have this trait?
50%
25%
0%
100%
If a female is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait, what percentage of her male children would also have this trait?
50%
25%
0%
100%
In which genotype does codominance produce the phenotype?
IAIB
IAIA
ii
IBIB
In which genotype does codominance produce the phenotype?
IAIB
IAIA
ii
IBIB
Which of the following is NOT a core histone?
H3
H4
H2B
H2A
H1
Which of the following is NOT a core histone?
H3
H4
H2B
H2A
H1
Sister chromatids move apart due to the breaking of what during which phase?
synaptonemal complex....anaphase II
cohesins.... anaphase I
cohesins....anaphase II
synaptonemal complex.... anaphase I
Sister chromatids move apart due to the breaking of what during which phase?
synaptonemal complex....anaphase II
cohesins.... anaphase I
cohesins....anaphase II
synaptonemal complex.... anaphase I
Which test is suggested for a 39-year-old pregnant woman to detect Down's syndrome early?
genetic counseling
chorionic villi sampling
a pedigree analysis
amniocentesis
Which test is suggested for a 39-year-old pregnant woman to detect Down's syndrome early?
genetic counseling
chorionic villi sampling
a pedigree analysis
amniocentesis
If a cell has 14 chromosomes before S phase, how many chromosomes and sister chromatids at the end of S phase?
28 and 56
14 and 28
14 and 14
7 and 14
If a cell has 14 chromosomes before S phase, how many chromosomes and sister chromatids at the end of S phase?
28 and 56
14 and 28
14 and 14
7 and 14
Which gamete will NOT be produced by the cell shown?
Bs
bs
BS
bb
bS
Which gamete will NOT be produced by the cell shown?
Bs
bs
BS
bb
bS
Are the chromosomes in one gamete identical to those in another due to crossing over and independent assortment during prophase I?
True
False
Are the chromosomes in one gamete identical to those in another due to crossing over and independent assortment during prophase I?
True
False
Which statement about telomeres is true?
They keep the chromosomes protected
They become longer each time the cell divides
They are regions of repetitive DNA sequence found in the middle of the chromosome
When they become too short, the cell division still takes place
If a parent cell has twelve chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have following meiosis?
Any one of these could be correct
Twenty-four chromosomes
Six chromosomes
Twelve chromosomes
What is needed to pass the G2/M checkpoint of the cell cycle?
Cdk1/Cyclin E
Cdk2/Cyclin E
Cdk1/Cyclin B
Cdk 4/Cyclin D
A karyotype reveals a fetus with 47 chromosomes and an XYY genotype. Which statement is correct?
This is trisomy most likely the egg cell had a nondisjunction
This monosomy most likely the mother had a nondisjunction
This is trisomy most likely the sperm cell had a nondisjunction
All of the above could cause this genotype
The GTP-bound α subunits of the G-protein activate adenylate cyclase, while its βγ complexes activate phospholipase C. True or False?
False
True
Which is the correct sequence of steps leading to the formation of tightly packaged chromosomes?
rosettes, chromatin loops, solenoids, nucleosomes
chromatin loops, nucleosomes, rossetes, solenoids
nucleosomes, solenoids, chromatin loops, rosettes
solenoids, nucleosomes, chromatin loops, rosettes
Which process would NOT be affected by colchicine, which interferes with microtubule formation?
formation of the contractile ring
orientation of chromosomes at opposite poles of cell
mitotic spindle
overall shape of cell
Which of the following is found in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?
a spindle consisting of microtubules
separation of sister chromatids
cell division
paired homologous chromosomes
At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes photographed for karyotype preparation?
G1 phase
S phase
late telophase
prophase
Adrenaline binds to GPCRs and leads to the following responses EXCEPT:
increased heart rate
glycogen breakdown
smooth muscle contraction
fat breakdown
During which phase of mitosis would you expect to see chromosomes consisting of two sister chromatids within the nucleus?
metaphase
anaphase
prometaphase
prophase
How can one differentiate between a homozygous dominant individual and one who is heterozygous for the dominant trait?
none of the above is correct
by crossing each individual in question with a homozygous recessive and examining the offspring
by crossing each individual in question with a homozygous dominant and examining the offspring
by crossing the individuals in question with each other
In humans, pointed eyebrows (B) are dominant over smooth eyebrows (b). Mary's father has pointed eyebrows, but she and her mother have smooth. What is the genotype of the father?
Bb
A and C
BB
bb
Sometimes one gene will interact so as to control the expression of a second gene in an interaction called
incomplete dominance
co-dominance
epistasis
pleiotropy
A human female with only one X chromosome is said to have a condition called
hemophilia
Klinefelter syndrome
Down syndrome
Turner syndrome
IP3 opens ion channels in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, releasing a flood of Ca2+ ions into the cytoplasm.
False
True
If the XY individuals had a genetic disorder in which SRY gene is mutated, their genotype and phenotype would be
XY, female
XY, male
XX, female
XX, male
Cytokinesis
is the longest part of the cell cycle
is division of cytoplasm in animals
requires the formation of a cell plate in plant cells
is mitosis in plants
A and D
During the last checkpoint, a cell is checking whether
two centrosomes are present
chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate
the DNA is damaged
sister chromatids have been produced
Which of the following characterize telophase?
separation of sister chromatids
formation of spindle apparatus
A and D
decondensation of chromosomes
reformation of nuclear envelope
All of the following might describe the events occuring in prophase I EXCEPT
separation of homologous chromosomes
formation of spindle apparatus
tetrad formation
crossing over
What type of inheritance does this pedigree chart suggest?
X-linked recessive
Autosomal recessive
X-linked dominant
Autosomal dominant
Which statement accurately describes the daughter cells produced during mitosis?
they differ genetically from one another and the parent cells
one of the daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell
they are genetically identical to one another and to the parent cells
they are genetically identical to one another but different from the parent cell
What protein levels are typically found in most tumor cells?
high levels of Ras protein
high levels of p53 protein
low levels of p53 protein
low levels of p53 protein and high levels of Ras protein
low levels of Ras protein
What are the main components of chromatin?
DNA and structural polysaccharides
steroids and proteins
RNA and phospholipids
DNA and protein
protein and carbohydrates
Which offspring inherit all mitochondrial DNA from their mother?
sons
daughters
both daughters and sons
mitochondrial DNA is inherited from both parents
Mendel's principle of independent assortment applies only if two different genes are located in the same pair of homologous chromosomes.
True
False
If a female is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait, what percentage of her male children would also have this trait?
50%
100%
25%
0%
Sister chromatids move apart due to the breaking of what during which phase?
synaptonemal complex.... anaphase I
cohesins....anaphase II
synaptonemal complex....anaphase II
cohesins.... anaphase I
Which test is suggested for a 39-year-old pregnant woman to detect Down's syndrome early?
a pedigree analysis
amniocentesis
genetic counseling
chorionic villi sampling
If a cell has 14 chromosomes before S phase, how many chromosomes and sister chromatids at the end of S phase?
7 and 14
14 and 28
28 and 56
14 and 14
Are the chromosomes in one gamete identical to those in another due to crossing over and independent assortment during prophase I?
True
False
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