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Brick Exchange Chest X Ray

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1 / 123

CZ is a 67-year-old male presenting with acute symptoms of _______ and _______.

2 / 123

You order a CXR to rule out _______; the results are _______.

3 / 123

CZ points to a bright white square object on the right side of the film and asks, 'What is that thing?' You reply, 'That’s your _______.'

4 / 123

The chest x-ray is essential in most _______ diagnoses as well as in _______ and other conditions.

5 / 123

The chest x-ray employs _______, a common diagnostic imaging technique that uses _______ to visualize internal body structures.

6 / 123

The radiograph is an image obtained when x-rays are absorbed by the body’s _______.

7 / 123

In pulmonary medicine, radiographic imaging modalities range from conventional chest x-rays (CXR) to _______ and _______.

8 / 123

The latter two imaging modalities are less common than basic CXRs and are usually ordered to evaluate specific _______.

9 / 123

Learning objectives include describing chest _______ and what it is used for.

10 / 123

You will also learn how to obtain a _______ (PA), _______ (AP), and _______ chest x-ray.

11 / 123

The quality of a chest x-ray can be assessed using the _______ approach.

12 / 123

The normal anatomy seen on a chest x-ray includes the _______, _______, _______, and _______.

13 / 123

Different tissues and parts of the body are visualized in a radiograph because they have different _______.

14 / 123

Structures that absorb radiation are referred to as _______ and show up as _______ on radiographic images.

15 / 123

Structures or openings that x-rays pass through are called _______ and appear _______.

16 / 123

The five x-ray densities are named in order of increasing radiopacity: _______, _______, _______, _______, and _______.

17 / 123

_______: the lung parenchyma is full of air, so it is _______ and appears _______ on the CXR.

18 / 123

_______: fatty tissue absorbs more radiation than air, so it is mostly _______ but not totally black.

19 / 123

_______: solid organs like the heart and soft tissue absorb radiation, appearing on a spectrum of _______.

20 / 123

_______ density absorbs x-rays well, making it very _______ (white).

21 / 123

_______ (e.g., wires, catheters) totally absorbs radiation, appearing as entirely _______ (white) on the radiograph.

22 / 123

A _______ will appear white, while _______ may suggest abnormal fluid presence (e.g., pleural effusion).

23 / 123

A Chest X-Ray (CXR) is an x-ray of the _______ and _______, including portions of the neck and upper abdomen.

24 / 123

Specific uses of a CXR include evaluating diseases of the lower _______, and assessing pathology of the _______ and _______.

25 / 123

The CXR is often ordered early when a condition related to the _______ or _______ is suspected.

26 / 123

Most CXRs are taken during _______, which expands the lungs and increases detail seen.

27 / 123

Expiratory films are used for special purposes, like suspicion of _______ or _______ in COPD.

28 / 123

The most commonly ordered projections are _______, _______, and _______.

29 / 123

In a _______ projection, the central ray passes from _______ to _______.

30 / 123

In an _______ projection, the patient either sits upright or lies face up, but is _______ than the PA projection.

31 / 123

The _______ radiograph yields the best detail because the patient can take a _______.

32 / 123

Compared to the PA projection, the AP projection can _______ anterior structures and pulmonary vasculature.

33 / 123

_______ has water density, making it more _______ than a calcified pulmonary nodule.

34 / 123

The _______ structures and _______ are magnified in the AP projection, making it seem like there is _______ when none is actually present.

35 / 123

In the _______, the patient stands with both arms raised and the _______ of the chest pressed against a flat surface.

36 / 123

The _______ combined with the PA view offers a _______ of the structures of the chest.

37 / 123

The _______ is used to detect _______ in the lung and pleural space, such as _______.

38 / 123

In the _______, the patient is either _______ or _______ with their right or left posterior side closest to the image receptor.

39 / 123

To ensure the quality of a chest x-ray, you need to check the _______, display x-rays correctly, and assess _______.

40 / 123

The _______ projection is less preferred than the _______ projection because it shows less detail and overmagnifies _______.

41 / 123

When displaying x-rays, current PA films are shown to the _______ of the current _______.

42 / 123

It's critical to distinguish _______ from _______ on a CXR; the heart and aorta normally lie on the _______.

43 / 123

The technologist marks the radiograph with the letter _______ for the left side or _______ for the right side.

44 / 123

Looking at _______ can help determine if an abnormal finding is _______ or _______.

45 / 123

In the _______, the x-ray is obtained while the patient is lying down on their _______.

46 / 123

The _______ is used when close visualization of the _______ and _______ is needed.

47 / 123

The _______ will shift when comparing the PA and _______.

48 / 123

To double-check L-R orientation, you should always use your _______. Normally, the _______ and the _______ lie on the _______.

49 / 123

The right hemidiaphragm is usually _______ to the _______; under the left hemidiaphragm, we see a _______, which is the _______.

50 / 123

Assessing radiograph quality includes checking that all required _______ are contained in the film, that the _______, and that there are no _______.

51 / 123

You should see the entire _______, both _______, both _______, and the _______ below the diaphragm.

52 / 123

If the patient is mistakenly rotated, look for the _______ of the _______ and _______. The _______ should appear midline over the _______.

53 / 123

None of the patient's _______ or _______ should be visible on the x-ray, as they can affect the _______ of the radiograph.

54 / 123

Penetrance is the degree to which the _______ have passed through the body, affecting how _______ or _______ things appear.

55 / 123

To check for overpenetration in PA and AP images, ensure that the _______ are visible behind the _______. If not, the film may be _______.

56 / 123

An underpenetrated film can appear as _______ that can mislead you into thinking there is a _______.

57 / 123

Conversely, an _______ can hide an infiltrate and cause you to miss a _______.

58 / 123

The normal anatomy seen on a chest x-ray includes the _______, which are _______, and the _______, which lie mostly on the _______.

59 / 123

On a chest x-ray, the _______ is _______ and the right hemidiaphragm is usually slightly _______ to the left.

60 / 123

The _______ is seen under the left hemidiaphragm, and visualized bones include the _______, _______, _______, and _______.

61 / 123

A systematic approach to reading the chest x-ray is the _______.

62 / 123

An underpenetrated film is a problem in x-ray diagnosis because it appears too _______ and can suggest the presence of _______ or _______ when none is actually present.

63 / 123

Check the _______ in the upper mediastinum. Because it is air-filled, its center will appear _______ and should be midline.

64 / 123

The spinous processes of the upper thoracic spine should be visible through the _______. There may be slight _______.

65 / 123

The trachea may show slight _______ as it crosses the _______, but a significant shift indicates _______ in the thoracic cavity, such as in a _______.

66 / 123

The presence of _______ and _______ can be confused with pulmonary infiltrates in regions where they overlap the lung fields. In females, ensure that both _______ are _______.

67 / 123

Approximately two-thirds of the heart's _______ is positioned on the _______ of the mediastinum and one-third on the _______.

68 / 123

The _______ is the ratio of the maximal horizontal cardiac diameter to maximal horizontal thoracic diameter, with a normal range of _______.

69 / 123

A larger _______ suggests an _______ or the presence of _______ that enlarges the cardiac silhouette.

70 / 123

The _______ only applies to _______, not _______, due to _______ of the heart on AP views.

71 / 123

An obscured heart border can indicate the presence of a _______ or _______ (silhouette sign).

72 / 123

Examine the position and _______ of the _______. The right hemidiaphragm is usually slightly _______ to the left.

73 / 123

The _______ should be sharp and not blunted; blunting may indicate the presence of _______ (effusion).

74 / 123

Abnormally deep costophrenic angles may indicate _______ in the pleural cavity surrounding the lung parenchyma, such as in a _______.

75 / 123

Under the left diaphragm, you will observe the normal _______. Extraluminal air beneath the diaphragms may indicate _______.

76 / 123

Check for _______, _______, or _______ as they will be the most _______.

77 / 123

When evaluating the lungs, compare both lungs in all fields: upper, middle, and lower zones. It is essential to do _______ to stay systematic.

78 / 123

In a lateral view, anatomical features like the _______, _______, and _______ are visible, which are not seen on a _______.

79 / 123

You can better evaluate the _______ in its anterior-posterior axis and assess the _______ of the left atrium in a lateral view.

80 / 123

The normal range of the _______ is _______. A larger number indicates potential heart enlargement or pericardial fluid.

81 / 123

The cardiothoracic ratio is the ratio of the maximal horizontal _______ diameter to the maximal horizontal _______ diameter, and its normal range is approximately _______ on a posteroanterior view.

82 / 123

An anatomic approach to evaluating a chest x-ray is _______, which stands for: - _______ - _______ - _______ - _______ - _______ - _______.

83 / 123

The _______ is the best diagnostic view in most circumstances for chest radiography.

84 / 123

Improper patient rotation or penetration of the film can cause _______ that confuse diagnosis.

85 / 123

From less to more _______, the five x-ray densities seen on a radiograph are: - _______ - _______ - _______ - _______ - _______.

86 / 123

Visualization of different anatomical features can be done because of differences in their _______.

87 / 123

The metal object in the patient’s left upper chest wall is his _______, which appears bright on the CXR because it is made of _______ and the x-rays don’t pass through it.

88 / 123

The appearance of the normal heart on the CXR is characterized by the posterior margin of the _______ being best seen on the _______.

89 / 123

Chest radiography (CXR) is a visualization of the inside of the _______, most often used to evaluate suspected disease in the _______ and _______.

90 / 123

Which of the following best characterizes the _______ of a pleural effusion if seen on a chest x-ray? - More _______ than normal lung parenchyma - More _______ than the diaphragm - More _______ than the vertebrae - Similarly _______ as the heart - Similarly _______ as the normal lung parenchyma.

91 / 123

Which of the following projection(s) would be best to characterize the position of a suspected _______ to the lung? - Combination of _______ and _______ - Combination of _______ and _______ - _______ - _______ - _______.

92 / 123

Ensure that patient placement and _______ is correct before you analyze a CXR.

93 / 123

Thinking back to CZ, you read a CXR as if you and I are standing face to face; things that appear on the right side of the film are actually on the _______ of your body and vice-versa.

94 / 123

The posterior margin of the _______ is best seen on the _______.

95 / 123

The ratio of the cardiac horizontal diameter to the thoracic horizontal diameter should be greater than _______.

96 / 123

The ratio of the cardiac horizontal diameter to the thoracic horizontal diameter should be less than _______.

97 / 123

Two-thirds of the heart transverse diameter is on the _______ of the mediastinum and one-third is on the _______.

98 / 123

Two-thirds or more of the heart transverse diameter is on the _______ of the mediastinum and up to one-third is on the _______.

99 / 123

Describe chest radiography and what it is used for: _______ is used to diagnose various _______.

100 / 123

How would you rate this Brick? Options are: _______, _______, _______, _______, _______.

101 / 123

The objectives include: 01 Describe _______ and what it is used for. 02 Describe how to obtain a _______, _______, and _______.

102 / 123

The _______ of a chest x-ray can be assessed by examining the _______ and _______.

103 / 123

Identify the normal anatomy seen on a chest x-ray using the _______, _______, _______, _______, and _______ (ABCDEF) approach.

104 / 123

Related First Aid Facts include: _______, _______, and _______.

105 / 123

The _______ is typically seen in the _______ area on a chest x-ray.

106 / 123

The _______ of the left atrium is a key indicator on a chest x-ray for assessing the _______.

107 / 123

The _______ are important landmarks to identify on a chest x-ray for assessing _______.

108 / 123

The _______ and _______ can also be visualized on a lateral chest x-ray.

109 / 123

The _______ and _______ are structures that should be noted when interpreting a chest x-ray.

110 / 123

The _______ is an important landmark visible on a chest x-ray; its position can indicate _______.

111 / 123

The _______ can be assessed for alignment and potential _______ in a chest x-ray.

112 / 123

The _______ is a key structure to identify in the _______ on a chest x-ray.

113 / 123

The _______ are evaluated to check for _______ on a chest x-ray.

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Flashcards in this deck (123)

CZ is a 67-year-old male presenting with acute symptoms of fever and cough.

case patient symptoms cbi3b_week7
You order a CXR to rule out pneumonia; the results are negative.

diagnosis cxr cbi3b_week7
CZ points to a bright white square object on the right side of the film and asks, 'What is that thing?' You reply, 'That’s your pacemaker.'

cxr pacemaker cbi3b_week7
The chest x-ray is essential in most pulmonary diagnoses as well as in cardiac and other conditions.

diagnosis cxr cbi3b_week7
The chest x-ray employs radiology, a common diagnostic imaging technique that uses radiation to visualize internal body structures.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The radiograph is an image obtained when x-rays are absorbed by the body’s tissues.

radiograph cxr cbi3b_week7
In pulmonary medicine, radiographic imaging modalities range from conventional chest x-rays (CXR) to CT scan and PET/CT scan.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The latter two imaging modalities are less common than basic CXRs and are usually ordered to evaluate specific pulmonary conditions.

ct_scan cxr cbi3b_week7
Learning objectives include describing chest radiography and what it is used for.

learning cxr cbi3b_week7
You will also learn how to obtain a posteroanterior (PA), anteroposterior (AP), and lateral chest x-ray.

imaging cxr cbi3b_week7
The quality of a chest x-ray can be assessed using the ABCDEF approach.

quality cxr cbi3b_week7
The normal anatomy seen on a chest x-ray includes the Airway, Bones, Cardiac, and Diaphragm.

anatomy cxr cbi3b_week7
Different tissues and parts of the body are visualized in a radiograph because they have different densities.

density cxr cbi3b_week7
Structures that absorb radiation are referred to as radiopaque and show up as white on radiographic images.

radiopaque cxr cbi3b_week7
Structures or openings that x-rays pass through are called radiolucent and appear black.

radiolucent cxr cbi3b_week7
The five x-ray densities are named in order of increasing radiopacity: air, fat, water, calcium, and metal.

x-ray densities cbi3b_week7
Air density: the lung parenchyma is full of air, so it is radiolucent and appears black on the CXR.

air density cbi3b_week7
Fat density: fatty tissue absorbs more radiation than air, so it is mostly radiolucent but not totally black.

fat density cbi3b_week7
Water density: solid organs like the heart and soft tissue absorb radiation, appearing on a spectrum of gray.

water density cbi3b_week7
Calcium density absorbs x-rays well, making it very radio-opaque (white).

radiology x-rays cbi3b_week7
Metal (e.g., wires, catheters) totally absorbs radiation, appearing as entirely radiopaque (white) on the radiograph.

radiology x-rays cbi3b_week7
A calcified lung nodule will appear white, while water density may suggest abnormal fluid presence (e.g., pleural effusion).

pathology radiology cbi3b_week7
A Chest X-Ray (CXR) is an x-ray of the lung and thorax, including portions of the neck and upper abdomen.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Specific uses of a CXR include evaluating diseases of the lower respiratory system, and assessing pathology of the heart and great vessels.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The CXR is often ordered early when a condition related to the lungs or heart is suspected.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Most CXRs are taken during deep inspiration, which expands the lungs and increases detail seen.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Expiratory films are used for special purposes, like suspicion of small pneumothorax or gas trapping in COPD.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The most commonly ordered projections are erect PA, AP, and lateral projections.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
In a posteroanterior (PA) projection, the central ray passes from posterior to anterior.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
In an anteroposterior (AP) projection, the patient either sits upright or lies face up, but is less preferred than the PA projection.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The upright PA radiograph yields the best detail because the patient can take a larger inspiration.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Compared to the PA projection, the AP projection can magnify anterior structures and pulmonary vasculature.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Fluid in the lung has water density, making it more radiolucent than a calcified pulmonary nodule.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The anterior structures and pulmonary vasculature are magnified in the AP projection, making it seem like there is pulmonary edema when none is actually present.

radiology chest_xray projection cbi3b_week7
In the lateral projection, the patient stands with both arms raised and the left side of the chest pressed against a flat surface.

radiology chest_xray projection cbi3b_week7
The lateral projection combined with the PA view offers a three-dimensional representation of the structures of the chest.

radiology chest_xray projection cbi3b_week7
The decubitus view is used to detect pathologic fluid in the lung and pleural space, such as pleural effusions.

radiology chest_xray projection cbi3b_week7
In the oblique projection, the patient is either erect or supine with their right or left posterior side closest to the image receptor.

radiology chest_xray projection cbi3b_week7
To ensure the quality of a chest x-ray, you need to check the patient identity, display x-rays correctly, and assess radiograph quality.

radiology quality_control cbi3b_week7
The anteroposterior (AP) projection is less preferred than the posteroanterior (PA) projection because it shows less detail and overmagnifies pulmonary vasculature.

radiology chest_xray projection cbi3b_week7
When displaying x-rays, current PA films are shown to the left of the current lateral films.

radiology chest_xray display cbi3b_week7
It's critical to distinguish left from right on a CXR; the heart and aorta normally lie on the left.

radiology chest_xray orientation cbi3b_week7
The technologist marks the radiograph with the letter L for the left side or R for the right side.

radiology chest_xray marking cbi3b_week7
Looking at old films can help determine if an abnormal finding is acute or chronic.

radiology clinical_practice cbi3b_week7
In the decubitus view, the x-ray is obtained while the patient is lying down on their side.

radiology chest_xray decubitus cbi3b_week7
The oblique projection is used when close visualization of the ribs and sternum is needed.

radiology chest_xray oblique cbi3b_week7
The air-fluid interface will shift when comparing the PA and decubitus films.

radiology chest_xray fluid_detection cbi3b_week7
To double-check L-R orientation, you should always use your anatomic knowledge. Normally, the heart and the aorta lie on the left.

anatomy orientation cbi3b_week7
The right hemidiaphragm is usually superior to the left; under the left hemidiaphragm, we see a round radiolucent area, which is the gastric bubble.

anatomy diaphragm cbi3b_week7
Assessing radiograph quality includes checking that all required anatomic structures are contained in the film, that the patient was positioned correctly, and that there are no obstructing items.

radiology quality cbi3b_week7
You should see the entire ribcage, both costophrenic angles, both clavicles, and the gastric bubble below the diaphragm.

radiology structures cbi3b_week7
If the patient is mistakenly rotated, look for the left-right symmetry of the ribs and scapulae. The trachea should appear midline over the sternum.

radiology positioning cbi3b_week7
None of the patient's clothes or metal accessories should be visible on the x-ray, as they can affect the quality of the radiograph.

radiology accessories cbi3b_week7
Penetrance is the degree to which the x-rays have passed through the body, affecting how white or black things appear.

radiology penetrance cbi3b_week7
To check for overpenetration in PA and AP images, ensure that the vertebrae are visible behind the heart. If not, the film may be underpenetrated.

radiology penetration cbi3b_week7
An underpenetrated film can appear as white, radio-opaque lungs that can mislead you into thinking there is a pathologic infiltration.

radiology diagnosis cbi3b_week7
Conversely, an over-penetrated film can hide an infiltrate and cause you to miss a diagnosis.

radiology diagnosis cbi3b_week7
The normal anatomy seen on a chest x-ray includes the right and left lung, which are radiolucent, and the heart and aorta, which lie mostly on the left.

anatomy cxr cbi3b_week7
On a chest x-ray, the diaphragm is radiopaque and the right hemidiaphragm is usually slightly superior to the left.

anatomy diaphragm cbi3b_week7
The gastric air bubble is seen under the left hemidiaphragm, and visualized bones include the clavicle, humeral head, scapula, and ribs.

anatomy cxr cbi3b_week7
A systematic approach to reading the chest x-ray is the ABCDEF approach.

radiology systematic cbi3b_week7
An underpenetrated film is a problem in x-ray diagnosis because it appears too white and can suggest the presence of infiltrates or fluid when none is actually present.

radiology diagnosis cbi3b_week7
Check the trachea in the upper mediastinum. Because it is air-filled, its center will appear dark and should be midline.

anatomy trachea cbi3b_week7
The spinous processes of the upper thoracic spine should be visible through the tracheal air. There may be slight rightward deviation.

anatomy trachea cbi3b_week7
The trachea may show slight rightward deviation as it crosses the aortic arch, but a significant shift indicates abnormal pressure in the thoracic cavity, such as in a pneumothorax.

anatomy thoracic cbi3b_week7
The presence of breast shadows and scapulae can be confused with pulmonary infiltrates in regions where they overlap the lung fields. In females, ensure that both breast shadows are present.

anatomy radiology cbi3b_week7
Approximately two-thirds of the heart's transverse diameter is positioned on the left of the mediastinum and one-third on the right.

cardiology anatomy cbi3b_week7
The cardiothoracic ratio is the ratio of the maximal horizontal cardiac diameter to maximal horizontal thoracic diameter, with a normal range of 0.42 to 0.5.

cardiology measurements cbi3b_week7
A larger cardiothoracic ratio suggests an enlarged heart or the presence of pericardial fluid that enlarges the cardiac silhouette.

cardiology diagnosis cbi3b_week7
The cardiothoracic ratio only applies to PA views, not AP, due to magnification of the heart on AP views.

radiology cbi3b_week7
An obscured heart border can indicate the presence of a pleural effusion or pulmonary consolidations (silhouette sign).

diagnosis radiology cbi3b_week7
Examine the position and shape of the diaphragm. The right hemidiaphragm is usually slightly superior to the left.

anatomy radiology cbi3b_week7
The costophrenic angles should be sharp and not blunted; blunting may indicate the presence of pleural fluid (effusion).

anatomy diagnosis cbi3b_week7
Abnormally deep costophrenic angles may indicate air trapped in the pleural cavity surrounding the lung parenchyma, such as in a pneumothorax.

anatomy diagnosis cbi3b_week7
Under the left diaphragm, you will observe the normal gastric bubble. Extraluminal air beneath the diaphragms may indicate pneumoperitoneum.

anatomy diagnosis cbi3b_week7
Check for pacemakers, defibrillators, or catheters as they will be the most radio-opaque.

equipment radiology cbi3b_week7
When evaluating the lungs, compare both lungs in all fields: upper, middle, and lower zones. It is essential to do A-E first to stay systematic.

anatomy radiology cbi3b_week7
In a lateral view, anatomical features like the thoracic vertebra, inferior vena cava, and posterior costophrenic sulci are visible, which are not seen on a PA view.

anatomy radiology cbi3b_week7
You can better evaluate the cardiac size in its anterior-posterior axis and assess the posterior contour of the left atrium in a lateral view.

anatomy cardiology cbi3b_week7
The normal range of the cardiothoracic ratio is 0.42 to 0.5. A larger number indicates potential heart enlargement or pericardial fluid.

cardiology measurements cbi3b_week7
The cardiothoracic ratio is the ratio of the maximal horizontal cardiac diameter to the maximal horizontal thoracic diameter, and its normal range is approximately 0.42 to 0.5 on a posteroanterior view.

cardiology radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
An anatomic approach to evaluating a chest x-ray is ABCDEF, which stands for: - Airway - Bones and breast shadows - Cardiac and mediastinum - Diaphragm and upper abdomen - Equipment - Fields of the lungs.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The PA film is the best diagnostic view in most circumstances for chest radiography.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Improper patient rotation or penetration of the film can cause artifacts that confuse diagnosis.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
From less to more radio-opaque, the five x-ray densities seen on a radiograph are: - air - fat - water - calcium - metal.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Visualization of different anatomical features can be done because of differences in their radiopacity.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The metal object in the patient’s left upper chest wall is his pacemaker, which appears bright on the CXR because it is made of metal and the x-rays don’t pass through it.

radiology cxr shipley_note cbi3b_week7
The appearance of the normal heart on the CXR is characterized by the posterior margin of the left atrium being best seen on the PA projection.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Chest radiography (CXR) is a visualization of the inside of the thorax, most often used to evaluate suspected disease in the lungs and heart.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Which of the following best characterizes the radio-opacity/radiolucency of a pleural effusion if seen on a chest x-ray? - More radiolucent than normal lung parenchyma - More radiolucent than the diaphragm - More radiopaque than the vertebrae - Similarly radiopaque as the heart - Similarly radiolucent as the normal lung parenchyma.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Which of the following projection(s) would be best to characterize the position of a suspected cancer metastasis to the lung? - Combination of PA and decubitus projections - Combination of PA and lateral projections - Decubitus projection - Lateral projection - PA projection.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Ensure that patient placement and L-R orientation is correct before you analyze a CXR.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Thinking back to CZ, you read a CXR as if you and I are standing face to face; things that appear on the right side of the film are actually on the left side of your body and vice-versa.

radiology cxr shipley_note cbi3b_week7
The posterior margin of the left atrium is best seen on the PA projection.

radiology cxr heart cbi3b_week7
The ratio of the cardiac horizontal diameter to the thoracic horizontal diameter should be greater than 0.6.

radiology cxr heart cbi3b_week7
The ratio of the cardiac horizontal diameter to the thoracic horizontal diameter should be less than 0.3.

radiology cxr heart cbi3b_week7
Two-thirds of the heart transverse diameter is on the right of the mediastinum and one-third is on the left.

radiology cxr heart cbi3b_week7
Two-thirds or more of the heart transverse diameter is on the left of the mediastinum and up to one-third is on the right.

radiology cxr heart cbi3b_week7
Describe chest radiography and what it is used for: chest radiography is used to diagnose various conditions.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
How would you rate this Brick? Options are: A, B, C, D, E.

evaluation cbi3b_week7
The objectives include: 01 Describe chest radiography and what it is used for. 02 Describe how to obtain a posteroanterior (PA), anteroposterior (AP), and lateral chest x-ray (CXR).

learning_objectives cbi3b_week7
The quality of a chest x-ray can be assessed by examining the clarity and positioning.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
Identify the normal anatomy seen on a chest x-ray using the Airway, Bones, Cardiac, Diaphragm, and Fields of the lungs (ABCDEF) approach.

anatomy cxr cbi3b_week7
Related First Aid Facts include: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Pneumonia, and Lung abscess.

first_aid cbi3b_week7
The gastric bubble is typically seen in the stomach area on a chest x-ray.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The posterior edge of the left atrium is a key indicator on a chest x-ray for assessing the heart size.

radiology heart cbi3b_week7
The costophrenic sulci are important landmarks to identify on a chest x-ray for assessing fluid levels.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The humeral head and scapula can also be visualized on a lateral chest x-ray.

anatomy cxr cbi3b_week7
The sternum and trachea are structures that should be noted when interpreting a chest x-ray.

anatomy cxr cbi3b_week7
The diaphragm is an important landmark visible on a chest x-ray; its position can indicate pathology.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7
The thoracic vertebra can be assessed for alignment and potential deformities in a chest x-ray.

anatomy cxr cbi3b_week7
The left main bronchus is a key structure to identify in the mediastinal silhouette on a chest x-ray.

anatomy cxr cbi3b_week7
The posterior costophrenic sulci are evaluated to check for pleural effusion on a chest x-ray.

radiology cxr cbi3b_week7

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Brick Exchange Chest X Ray

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