Flashcards in this deck (54)

• What is the topic of the video?

  Second language acquisition theory, specifically behaviorism.
  linguistics education
• What theory is discussed in the video?

  Behaviorism
  linguistics theory
• What does behaviorism explain?

  How humans and animals learn and develop their behaviors.
  linguistics behaviorism
• What are the key concepts of behaviorism mentioned?

  • Explain how behaviors are learned and developed
  • Interaction with environment
  • Habit formation
  linguistics behaviorism
• What is one of the key concepts of behaviorism?

  Social learning

  Language immersion

  Interaction with environment

  Cognitive development
  linguistics behaviorism
• What do behaviorists believe about behavior formation?

  Behaviors are formed through interaction with the environment.
  psychology behaviorism
• What is the process of habit formation according to behaviorists?

  It involves stimulus, response, reinforcement, and repetition.
  psychology behaviorism
• What influences reinforcement in the habit formation process?

  Reward and repetition influence reinforcement.
  psychology behaviorism
• How does behaviorism view language development?

  Language is a human behavior that develops through habit formation processes.
  psychology language behaviorism
• What are the key components of habit formation according to behaviorists?

  motivation, observation, imitation, practice

  memory, reasoning, learning, repetition

  stimulus, response, reinforcement, repetition

  thought, emotion, learning, practice
  psychology behaviorism
• The habit formation process includes: - stimulus - response - reinforcement - repetition.
  psychology behaviorism
• What do behaviorists ignore in language learning?

  They ignore the role of mental, biological, and emotional factors.
  language learning behaviorism
• What is the behaviorist view of learning?

  Learning is seen as conditioning through interaction with the environment.
  learning behaviorism
• What are the three types of conditioning in behaviorism?

  1. Classical conditioning
  2. Operant conditioning
  3. Social conditioning
  learning behaviorism conditioning
• What is classical conditioning?

  A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus.
  learning classical_conditioning
• What is operant conditioning?

  Learning through rewards and punishments to increase or decrease behavior.
  learning operant_conditioning
• What is social conditioning?

  Learning that occurs through observing and imitating others.
  learning social_conditioning
• Who developed classical conditioning?

  Ivan Pavlov
  psychology conditioning
• What animal was used in Pavlov's experiment?

  Dog
  psychology experiment
• What does the dog do when it sees food?

  Salivates
  psychology behavior
• What sound did Pavlov use to condition the dog?

  Bell
  psychology conditioning
• What was the dog's response after conditioning to the bell?

  Salivates
  psychology behavior
• Pavlov's experiment involves classical conditioning where the dog salivates when it hears the bell after learning it is followed by food.
  psychology conditioning
• What is the main concept demonstrated in Pavlov's experiment?

  Classical conditioning

  Cognitive dissonance

  Observational learning

  Operant conditioning
  psychology learning
• What is the concept of classical conditioning demonstrated by Pavlov?

  The dog associates the sound of the bell with food and salivates in anticipation.
  psychology behavior
• How do language teachers apply classical conditioning in the classroom?

  Teachers use pictures of objects followed by the sounds represented by those objects.
  education language sla
• What is the process after showing a picture in a language class?

  Students repeat the word until they internalize the association between the picture and the word.
  education language sla
• What happens when students internalize the association in language learning?

  They can understand or use the word without the picture.
  education language sla
• What is the relationship between pictures and words in language acquisition?

  Pictures help students connect with the corresponding words and meanings.
  education language sla
• What do teachers do to help students learn language rules and structures?

  They apply the same principles of classical conditioning to teach language rules and structures.
  education language sla
• What is the second type of learning called?

  Operant conditioning
  psychology learning
• Who developed operant conditioning?

  B.F. Skinner
  psychology learning
• What is the key idea of operant conditioning?

  Learners repeat behavior for rewards or avoid behavior to escape punishment.
  psychology learning
• In operant conditioning, what do learners seek to obtain?

  Positive feedback or rewards
  psychology learning
• What do learners avoid in operant conditioning?

  Making mistakes to escape negative feedback or punishment
  psychology learning
• In operant conditioning, learners will repeat behavior to get a reward and avoid behavior in fear of punishment.
  psychology learning
• The diagram shows: Teacher asks questions = Student answers = Student gets reward. Teacher asks questions = Student doesn't answer = Student gets bad mark.
  psychology learning
• How do second language learners use correct forms of language?

  To get positive feedback from the teacher
  language learning
• What do learners work hard to achieve in operant conditioning?

  Good marks
  psychology learning
• What is the third type of learning?

  Social conditioning or social learning
  education learning
• What is social learning based on?

  Learners imitate people they admire
  education learning
• Who should set good models for learners?

  Teachers
  education teachers
• What happens if students don't like their teachers?

  They will find it difficult to learn
  education learning
• According to behaviorists, what is learning a second language considered?

  Not an easy task
  education language behaviorism
• The third type of learning is called social conditioning or social learning.
  education learning
• In social learning, learners imitate people they admire.
  education learning
• Teachers should set good models for learners.
  education teachers
• If students don't like their teachers, they will find it difficult to learn.
  education learning
• Learning a second language is not an easy task according to behaviorists.
  education language behaviorism
• What is the main challenge for second language learners?

  L1 interference: Learners transfer rules of L1 into L2, leading to errors.
  language learning l1 l2
• What is L1 interference?

  L1 interference occurs when learners apply rules from their first language (L1) to the second language (L2).
  language learning l1 l2
• What did behaviorists claim about L1 and L2 learning?

  Behaviorists claimed that learners should switch off their first language when learning the second language.
  language learning behaviorism
• What hypothesis was created due to L1 interference?

  The contrastive analysis hypothesis was created to address L1 interference in L2 learning.
  language learning hypothesis
• What does the contrastive analysis hypothesis propose?

  We need to compare the first language and the second language of the learner to identify differences.
  linguistics language_learning