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Flashcards in this deck (71)
  • What are the two forms of epithelium?

    • Covering and lining epithelium
    • Glandular epithelium
    anatomy epithelium
  • What is covering and lining epithelium?

    It covers external and internal surfaces; includes endothelium and mesothelium.

    anatomy epithelium
  • What is endothelium?

    It is the lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and the heart.

    anatomy epithelium
  • What is mesothelium?

    It is the serous membrane in the ventral body cavity.

    anatomy epithelium
  • What is glandular epithelium?

    It consists of cells or groups of cells producing secretions.

    anatomy epithelium
  • What are the two types of glandular epithelium?

    • Endocrine (secretes into blood supply)
    • Exocrine (secretes via a duct)
    anatomy epithelium
  • What do endocrine glands do?

    They secrete hormones directly into the blood supply.

    anatomy epithelium endocrine
  • What do exocrine glands do?

    They secrete substances via a duct, like bile and digestive enzymes.

    anatomy epithelium exocrine
  • What is an example of an exocrine gland?

    • Liver (secretes bile)
    • Pancreas (secretes digestive enzymes)
    • Salivary glands
    anatomy epithelium exocrine
  • The two forms of epithelium are: - Covering and lining epithelium - Glandular epithelium

    anatomy epithelium
  • The endothelium lines the lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and the heart.

    anatomy epithelium
  • The mesothelium is found in the serous membranes of the ventral body cavity.

    anatomy epithelium
  • Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood supply.

    anatomy epithelium endocrine
  • Exocrine glands secrete substances via a duct.

    anatomy epithelium exocrine
  • What is the function of glandular epithelium?

    Producing secretions

    Providing structural support

    Transporting nutrients

    Facilitating absorption

    anatomy epithelium
  • Which of the following is an example of an exocrine gland?

    Adrenal gland

    Pancreas

    Thyroid gland

    Pituitary gland

    anatomy epithelium glands
  • What does the thyroid gland produce?

    Hormones

    Bile

    Sweat

    Saliva

    anatomy epithelium endocrine
  • What is shown in the diagram of the thyroid gland?

    It shows a cross-section of a thyroid follicle with hormone-producing cells and blood vessels.

    anatomy epithelium thyroid
  • What is depicted in the diagram of the peritoneum?

    It illustrates simple squamous cells and their structure with labeled plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.

    anatomy epithelium peritoneum
  • What magnification is used in the thyroid gland diagram?

    630x magnification.

    anatomy epithelium magnification
  • What magnification is used in the peritoneum diagram?

    450x and 150x magnifications.

    anatomy epithelium magnification
  • What is the cutaneous membrane also known as?

    Skin

    anatomy membranes
  • What type of membranes are mucous membranes?

    Moist membranes lining cavities open to the exterior

    anatomy membranes
  • What are examples of hollow organs lined by mucous membranes?

    • Oral cavity
    • Anal cavity
    • Vagina
    anatomy membranes
  • What do serous membranes line?

    Closed ventral body cavities

    anatomy membranes
  • What are the two types of serosa?

    • Parietal serosa
    • Visceral serosa
    anatomy membranes
  • What do parietal serosa line?

    Internal body walls

    anatomy membranes
  • What do visceral serosa cover?

    Internal organs

    anatomy membranes
  • What is an example of a serous membrane surrounding the lungs?

    Pleura

    anatomy membranes
  • What is an example of a serous membrane surrounding the heart?

    Pericardium

    anatomy membranes
  • What type of membrane is the synovial membrane?

    Lines joint cavities

    anatomy membranes
  • What does the synovial membrane secrete?

    Synovial fluid

    anatomy membranes
  • The cutaneous membrane is also known as skin.

    anatomy membranes
  • Mucous membranes are moist membranes that line cavities open to the exterior.

    anatomy membranes
  • Examples of hollow organs lined by mucous membranes include: - oral cavity - anal cavity - vagina.

    anatomy membranes
  • Serous membranes line closed ventral body cavities.

    anatomy membranes
  • The two types of serosa are: - parietal serosa - visceral serosa.

    anatomy membranes
  • Parietal serosa line internal body walls.

    anatomy membranes
  • Visceral serosa cover internal organs.

    anatomy membranes
  • An example of a serous membrane surrounding the lungs is the pleura.

    anatomy membranes
  • An example of a serous membrane surrounding the heart is the pericardium.

    anatomy membranes
  • The synovial membrane lines joint cavities.

    anatomy membranes
  • The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid.

    anatomy membranes
  • What is the cutanous membrane?

    Mucous membrane

    Serous membrane

    Skin

    Synovial membrane

    anatomy membranes
  • What is the classification basis for covering and lining epithelium?

    Cell shapes and arrangement of layers.

    anatomy epithelium
  • What is simple epithelium?

    A single layer of cells that functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption.

    anatomy epithelium
  • What characterizes pseudostratified epithelium?

    Appears to have multiple layers due to nuclei at different levels; all cells rest on the basement membrane.

    anatomy epithelium
  • What is stratified epithelium?

    Consists of two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues from wear and tear.

    anatomy epithelium
  • What are apical surface specialisations in epithelium?

    Structures like microvilli or cilia on the surface of epithelial cells.

    anatomy epithelium
  • Which type of epithelium has a single layer of cells?

    Pseudostratified epithelium

    Stratified epithelium

    Simple epithelium

    Cuboidal epithelium

    anatomy epithelium
  • What is the main function of simple epithelium?

    Secretion of mucus

    Transport of nutrients

    Protection from wear and tear

    Diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption

    anatomy epithelium
  • What is a key feature of pseudostratified epithelium?

    Flat cell shape

    Multiple layers of cells

    Nuclei at different levels

    Absence of a basement membrane

    anatomy epithelium
  • Where is stratified epithelium primarily found?

    In areas requiring absorption

    In locations with considerable wear and tear

    In the respiratory tract

    In glandular tissues

    anatomy epithelium
  • The simple epithelium consists of one layer of cells that functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption.

    anatomy epithelium
  • Pseudostratified epithelium appears to have multiple layers but is actually a simple epithelium since all cells rest on the basement membrane.

    anatomy epithelium
  • Stratified epithelium consists of two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues from wear and tear.

    anatomy epithelium
  • Apical surface specialisations in epithelium include microvilli and cilia.

    anatomy epithelium
  • What are the main shapes of epithelial cells?

    • Squamous
    • Cuboidal
    • Columnar
    biology epithelium cell_shapes
  • What are squamous cells?

    Thin and flat cells that allow rapid passage of substances.

    biology epithelium squamous_cells
  • What are cuboidal cells?

    Cells that are as tall as they are wide, shaped like cubes or hexagons, often with microvilli.

    biology epithelium cuboidal_cells
  • What is the function of cuboidal cells?

    They function in secretion or absorption.

    biology epithelium cuboidal_cells functions
  • What are columnar cells?

    Cells that are taller than they are wide, resembling columns, and protect underlying tissues.

    biology epithelium columnar_cells
  • What is the function of columnar cells?

    They are often specialized for secretion and absorption.

    biology epithelium columnar_cells functions
  • What are transitional cells?

    Cells that change shape from squamous to cuboidal and back.

    biology epithelium transitional_cells
  • The three main shapes of epithelial cells are: - squamous - cuboidal - columnar.

    biology epithelium cell_shapes
  • Squamous cells are thin and flat, allowing for rapid passage of substances.

    biology epithelium squamous_cells
  • Cuboidal cells are as tall as they are wide and may have microvilli at their apical surface.

    biology epithelium cuboidal_cells
  • Columnar cells are taller than they are wide and protect underlying tissues.

    biology epithelium columnar_cells
  • Transitional cells can change shape from squamous to cuboidal and back.

    biology epithelium transitional_cells
  • What is the function of cuboidal cells?

    Secretion or absorption

    Rapid passage of substances

    Protection of tissues

    Change shape

    biology epithelium cuboidal_cells functions
  • What do columnar cells primarily specialize in?

    Change shape

    Protection of tissues

    Secretion and absorption

    Rapid passage of substances

    biology epithelium columnar_cells functions