What is biology?
Science dedicated to the study of living things' composition, development, functioning, links, and distribution.
What is a cell?
The fundamental unit of living beings, capable of independent reproduction.
What does cell biology study?
The structure, function, components, interactions, and properties of cells.
What is the focus of molecular biology?
The functions of molecular structures, especially related to genetic material (DNA and RNA).
What is the difference between cell biology and molecular biology?
Cell biology focuses on cellular systems, while molecular biology focuses on molecular structures.
What is the basic unit of all known organisms?
The cell.
Who coined the term 'cell'?
Robert Hooke.
What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek observe?
Protozoa, blood cells, sperm, and bacteria, which he called 'animalcules'.
What is cell theory?
All living organisms are composed of cells; the cell is the basic unit of structure; cells arise from pre-existing cells; heredity information is passed from cell to cell.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells without a nucleus, including bacteria and archaebacteria, with a simple structure.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells with a nucleus, including protozoa, plants, fungi, and animals; they are larger than prokaryotic cells.
When did life emerge?
At least 3.8 billion years ago.
What is biology considered to be?
A historical science.
How long after Earth's origin did it take for life to begin?
Approximately 750 million years.
Who conducted the famous experiment on the spontaneous formation of organic molecules?
Stanley Miller.
What organic molecules were formed in Miller's experiment?
Amino acids like alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine.
What is the next step in evolution after the formation of organic molecules?
Formation of macromolecules.
What must a macromolecule capable of life do?
It must replicate itself.
What type of nucleic acids are capable of directing their replication?
Only nucleic acids.
What allows RNA to serve as a template for replication?
Complementary pairs between nucleotides (A with U, G with C).
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
It describes the flow of genetic information.
How did the first cell arise according to the hypothesis?
From self-replicating RNA coated with a phospholipid membrane.
What is glycolysis?
The anaerobic breakdown of glucose into lactic acid.
What process uses sunlight to synthesize glucose?
Photosynthesis.
What is a consequence of photosynthesis?
Release of O2, changing the environment for cells.
What are the two main types of prokaryotes?
Archaebacteria and bacteria.
What shapes can prokaryotic cells have?
Spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral.
What is the diameter range of prokaryotic cells?
1 - 10 micrometers.
What is the DNA content range in prokaryotes?
0.6 - 5 million base pairs.
What components are found in prokaryotic cells?
Cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid.
From what did today's cells evolve?
From a common prokaryotic ancestor.
From what did today's cells evolve?
A common prokaryotic ancestor
What are the two types of cells that evolved from prokaryotic ancestors?
Archaebacteria and bacteria
What type of cells may eukaryotic cells have evolved from?
Prokaryotic cells
What is biology?
Science dedicated to the study of living things' composition, development, functioning, links, and distribution.
What does cell biology study?
The structure, function, components, interactions, and properties of cells.
What is the focus of molecular biology?
The functions of molecular structures, especially related to genetic material (DNA and RNA).
What is the difference between cell biology and molecular biology?
Cell biology focuses on cellular systems, while molecular biology focuses on molecular structures.
What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek observe?
Protozoa, blood cells, sperm, and bacteria, which he called 'animalcules'.
What is cell theory?
All living organisms are composed of cells; the cell is the basic unit of structure; cells arise from pre-existing cells; heredity information is passed from cell to cell.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells without a nucleus, including bacteria and archaebacteria, with a simple structure.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells with a nucleus, including protozoa, plants, fungi, and animals; they are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Who conducted the famous experiment on the spontaneous formation of organic molecules?
Stanley Miller.
What organic molecules were formed in Miller's experiment?
Amino acids like alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine.
What is the next step in evolution after the formation of organic molecules?
Formation of macromolecules.
What allows RNA to serve as a template for replication?
Complementary pairs between nucleotides (A with U, G with C).
How did the first cell arise according to the hypothesis?
From self-replicating RNA coated with a phospholipid membrane.
What are the two types of cells that evolved from prokaryotic ancestors?
Archaebacteria and bacteria
Are you sure you want to delete 0 flashcard(s)? This cannot be undone.
Select tags to remove from 0 selected flashcard(s):
Loading tags...