Flashcards in this deck (119)

• What are the three types of muscle tissue?

  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  anatomy muscle_tissue
• What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?

  To facilitate voluntary movement of the body.
  muscle_tissue skeletal_muscle
• What distinguishes cardiac muscle from other muscle types?

  It is involuntary and found only in the heart.
  muscle_tissue cardiac_muscle
• What is the role of smooth muscle?

  To control involuntary movements in internal organs.
  muscle_tissue smooth_muscle
• What is the structure of skeletal muscle fibers?

  They are long, cylindrical, and multinucleated.
  anatomy skeletal_muscle
• What type of muscle tissue is striated?

  Both skeletal and cardiac muscles are striated.
  muscle_tissue striated
• What is the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

  They facilitate communication and synchronization of heart contractions.
  muscle_tissue cardiac_muscle
• The three types of muscle tissue are: - Skeletal muscle - Cardiac muscle - Smooth muscle
  anatomy muscle_tissue
• The primary function of skeletal muscle is to facilitate voluntary movement of the body.
  muscle_tissue skeletal_muscle
• Cardiac muscle is distinguished by being involuntary and found only in the heart.
  muscle_tissue cardiac_muscle
• Smooth muscle controls involuntary movements in internal organs.
  muscle_tissue smooth_muscle
• Skeletal muscle fibers are long, cylindrical, and multinucleated.
  anatomy skeletal_muscle
• Both skeletal and cardiac muscles are striated.
  muscle_tissue striated
• Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle facilitate communication and synchronization of heart contractions.
  muscle_tissue cardiac_muscle
• What is the primary function of muscle tissue?

  To produce movement through contraction.
  biology muscle movement
• What happens if there are no muscle tissues in the body?

  The body would not be able to move and would collapse.
  biology muscle movement
• Muscle tissue consists chiefly of muscle cells specialized for what?

  For contraction.
  biology muscle cells
• Muscle tissue consists chiefly of muscle cells that are highly specialized for contraction.
  biology muscle
• Without bones and muscles, the body would just collapse.
  biology muscle movement
• What produces many types of movement in the body?

  Contraction of muscle tissue.
  biology muscle movement
• What are the three types of muscle tissue in the human body?

  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  anatomy muscle_tissue
• What is the first common property of muscle tissue?

  Excitability
  muscle properties
• What is the second common property of muscle tissue?

  Contractility
  muscle properties
• What is the third common property of muscle tissue?

  Extensibility
  muscle properties
• What is the fourth common property of muscle tissue?

  Elasticity
  muscle properties
• What does excitability in muscle tissue refer to?

  The ability to receive and respond to a stimulus.
  muscle excitability
• How does muscle tissue respond to a chemical stimulus from a nerve cell?

  With a change in membrane potential.
  muscle nervous_system
• What is contractility in muscle tissue?

  The ability of a muscle cell to shorten when it is stimulated.
  muscle properties
• What does extensibility refer to in muscle tissue?

  The stretching movement of a muscle.
  muscle properties
• What is elasticity in muscle tissue?

  The ability of a muscle to recoil (spring back) to its resting length.
  muscle properties
• What contributes to the natural elasticity of muscle tissue?

  The connective tissue sheaths.
  muscle properties
• What is skeletal muscle tissue packaged into?

  Skeletal muscles, organs that attach to and cover the bony skeleton.
  anatomy muscle
• What are skeletal muscle fibers known for?

  They are the longest muscle cells and have obvious stripes called striations.
  anatomy muscle
• Why is skeletal muscle called voluntary muscle?

  Because it is the only type subject to conscious control.
  anatomy muscle
• What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?

  Responsible for overall body mobility.
  anatomy muscle
• How does skeletal muscle contract?

  It can contract rapidly, but it tires easily and must rest after short periods of activity.
  anatomy muscle
• What are skeletal muscles composed mainly of?

  Skeletal muscle tissue
  anatomy muscle
• What additional components do skeletal muscles contain?

  • Connective tissues
  • Blood vessels
  • Nerves
  anatomy muscle
• What is a single cell in skeletal muscle tissue called?

  Muscle fiber
  anatomy muscle
• How do skeletal muscles attach to bones?

  Directly or indirectly
  anatomy muscle
• What wraps individual muscle fibers in an intact muscle?

  Several different connective tissue sheaths
  anatomy muscle connective_tissue
• What do the connective tissue sheaths do for muscle fibers?

  They support each cell and reinforce the muscle.
  anatomy muscle connective_tissue
• What prevents muscles from bursting during strong contractions?

  The connective tissue sheaths hold together the muscle.
  anatomy muscle connective_tissue
• What are the three layers of connective tissue surrounding skeletal muscle?

  1. Epimysium
  2. Perimysium
  3. Endomysium
  anatomy muscle connective_tissue
• What is the epimysium?

  The epimysium is an 'overcoat' of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle.
  anatomy muscle
• What does the epimysium help to define?

  The epimysium helps to define the muscle's volume.
  anatomy muscle
• What does the epimysium prevent?

  The epimysium prevents friction between neighboring muscles.
  anatomy muscle
• What does the epimysium blend with?

  The epimysium blends with the deep fascia that lies between neighboring muscles or the superficial fascia deep to the skin.
  anatomy muscle
• What separates the muscle from surrounding tissues?

  The epimysium separates the muscle from surrounding tissues.
  anatomy muscle
• What is the layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding each fascicle called?

  Perimysium
  anatomy muscle
• What do muscle fibers group into within each skeletal muscle?

  Fascicles
  anatomy muscle
• What do fascicles resemble?

  Bundles of sticks
  anatomy muscle
• What does the endomysium surround?

  Individual skeletal muscle cells (muscle fibers)
  anatomy muscle
• What type of tissue is the endomysium?

  Flexible, elastic connective tissue
  anatomy tissue
• What are the three components contained in the endomysium?

  1. Capillary networks
  2. Myosatellite cells
  3. Nerve fibers
  anatomy muscle
• What is the function of capillary networks in the endomysium?

  Supply blood to the muscle fibers
  anatomy muscle
• What are myosatellite cells?

  Stem cells that help repair damaged muscle tissue
  anatomy muscle
• What do the nerve fibers in the endomysium control?

  The muscle
  anatomy nervous_system
• What is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle?

  Epimysium
  anatomy muscle
• What connects muscle to bone?

  Tendon
  anatomy muscle
• What is a bundle of muscle fibers called?

  Fascicle
  anatomy muscle
• What is the connective tissue covering individual muscle fibers?

  Endomysium
  anatomy muscle
• What is the connective tissue wrapping around a fascicle?

  Perimysium
  anatomy muscle
• The structure of skeletal muscle includes various connective tissues such as epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium.
  anatomy muscle
• The muscle fiber is located in the middle of a fascicle.
  anatomy muscle
• A tendon connects muscle to bone.
  anatomy muscle
• Blood vessels are found within the perimysium wrapping a fascicle.
  anatomy muscle
• The connective tissue covering of muscle tissue includes the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium.
• What is the outer connective tissue sheath of a skeletal muscle called?

  Epimysium
  anatomy muscle
• What connective tissue surrounds each muscle fascicle?

  Perimysium
  anatomy muscle
• What surrounds individual muscle fibers within a fascicle?

  Endomysium
  anatomy muscle
• What structures are found within each muscle fiber?

  • Many nuclei
  • Mitochondria
  • Other organelles
  anatomy muscle
• What term describes the entire skeletal muscle organ?

  Skeletal muscle
  anatomy muscle
• The connective tissue covering of muscle tissue includes: - Epimysium - Perimysium - Endomysium
  anatomy muscle
• What is the function of mitochondria in muscle fibers?

  They provide energy for muscle contraction.
  anatomy muscle physiology
• What types of vessels are associated with skeletal muscle?

  • Blood vessels
  • Nerves
  anatomy muscle
• What is the function of myosatellite cells in muscle tissue?

  They assist in muscle repair and regeneration.
  anatomy muscle
• What is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber called?

  Sarcoplasm
  anatomy muscle
• What is the membrane surrounding a muscle fiber called?

  Sarcolemma
  anatomy muscle
• What are the contractile units within a muscle fiber?

  Myofibrils
  anatomy muscle
• What is the role of capillaries in skeletal muscle?

  They supply oxygen and nutrients to muscle fibers.
  anatomy muscle
• What does a skeletal muscle consist of?

  Bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles) enclosed in connective tissue.
  anatomy muscle
• What is depicted in the diagram of skeletal muscle organization?

  Structural organization from muscle fiber to whole muscle, including epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium.
  anatomy muscle diagram
• What are the two types of structures formed by collagen fibers at the ends of muscles?

  • Tendon
  • Aponeurosis
  anatomy muscles
• What do tendons and aponeuroses usually attach skeletal muscles to?

  Bones
  anatomy muscles
• How do collagen fibers in tendons attach to bones?

  They extend into the bone matrix.
  anatomy muscles
• What happens when a muscle contracts?

  It pulls on the attached bone.
  anatomy muscles
• The collagen fibers of the perimysium and endomysium are interwoven and blend into one another.
  anatomy muscles
• At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium come together to form either a bundle known as a tendon, or a broad sheet called an aponeurosis.
  anatomy muscles
• What connective tissues contain nerves and blood vessels supplying muscle fibers?

  • Epimysium
  • Perimysium
  • Endomysium
  anatomy muscles
• What do muscle contractions require in terms of energy?

  Tremendous quantities of energy
  physiology muscles
• What does the vascular network deliver to active skeletal muscles?

  Oxygen and nutrients
  physiology muscles
• What do blood vessels carry away from active skeletal muscles?

  Metabolic wastes
  physiology muscles
• How do blood vessels and nerves enter the muscle?

  Together, following the same branching course through the perimysium
  anatomy muscles
• What supplies blood to the capillary network servicing individual muscle fibers?

  Arterioles (small arteries) within the endomysium
  anatomy muscles
• What is the role of the capillary network in muscle tissue?

  To service the individual muscle fiber
  physiology muscles
• What stimulates skeletal muscles to contract?

  The central nervous system stimulates them.
  biology muscle nervous_system
• What are axons?

  Nerve fibers extending from neurons.
  biology nervous_system
• What do axons penetrate to innervate muscle fibers?

  They penetrate the epimysium, branch through the perimysium, and enter the endomysium.
  biology muscle nervous_system
• Why are skeletal muscles called voluntary muscles?

  Because we have voluntary control over their contractions.
  biology muscle control
• What is another name for the neuromuscular junction?

  • Neuromuscular synapse
  • Myoneural junction
  • NMJ
  biology neuroscience junctions
• Where does chemical communication occur in the neuromuscular junction?

  Between the synaptic terminal of the neuron and the skeletal muscle fiber.
  biology neuroscience junctions
• What is the motor end plate?

  A specialized area of the muscle cell membrane within a neuromuscular synapse.
  biology neuroscience junctions
• What binds to the motor end plate in the neuromuscular junction?

  The synaptic terminal of the neuron.
  biology neuroscience junctions
• What stimulates each skeletal muscle fiber?

  A nerve fiber at a neuromuscular synapse.
  anatomy muscle nervous_system
• What is the function of a neuromuscular synapse?

  It allows communication between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber.
  anatomy muscle nervous_system
• What are the main components of a neuromuscular junction?

  • Skeletal muscle fibers
  • Axons
  • Nerves
  anatomy muscle nervous_system
• A neuromuscular synapse is where each skeletal muscle fiber is stimulated by a nerve fiber.
  anatomy muscle nervous_system
• The neuromuscular junction consists of skeletal muscle fibers, axons, and nerves.
  anatomy muscle nervous_system
• What is the magnification of the colorized SEM of a neuromuscular synapse?

  SEM × 400
  anatomy muscle magnification
• What is the magnification of the light microscope view of a neuromuscular synapse?

  LM × 230
  anatomy muscle magnification
• What does the image depict?

  Microscopic views of a neuromuscular synapse on a muscle fiber.
  anatomy muscle images
• What is the external covering of a muscle called?

  Epimysium
  anatomy muscle
• What does a muscle consist of?

  • Hundreds to thousands of muscle cells
  • Connective tissue wrappings
  • Blood vessels
  • Nerve fibers
  anatomy muscle
• What is a fascicle in skeletal muscle?

  A fascicle is a bundle of muscle fibers within a muscle.
  anatomy muscle
• The structure and organizational levels of skeletal muscle include: - Muscle (organ) - Epimysium - Fascicle
  anatomy muscle
• What are the connective tissue wrappings in skeletal muscle?

  • Epimysium
  • Perimysium
  • Endomysium
  anatomy muscle
• What is the function of the epimysium?

  The epimysium covers the entire muscle and provides protection and structure.
  anatomy muscle
• What is the main function of a fascicle?

  To group muscle fibers together for organized contraction.
  anatomy muscle