Flashcards in this deck (74)

• What are the layers of the meninges from outer to inner?

  • Dura Mater
  • Arachnoid Mater
  • Pia Mater
  anatomy meninges
• What mnemonic helps remember the layers of the meninges?

  PAD
  mnemonic meninges
• What is the toughest, outermost layer of the meninges?

  Dura Mater
  anatomy meninges
• How many layers does the cranial dura have?

  2 layers
  anatomy meninges
• What are the two layers of cranial dura?

  • Periosteal layer (attached to skull)
  • Meningeal layer (forms folds and sinuses)
  anatomy meninges
• What layer does the spinal dura have?

  Only the meningeal layer
  anatomy meninges
• What does the epidural space in the spinal cord contain?

  • Fat
  • Internal vertebral venous plexus
  anatomy meninges
• What does the falx cerebri separate?

  Right & left cerebral hemispheres
  anatomy meninges
• What shape does the falx cerebri resemble?

  Sickle
  anatomy meninges
• What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?

  Cerebrum from cerebellum
  anatomy meninges
• What shape does the tentorium cerebelli resemble?

  Tent
  anatomy meninges
• What does the falx cerebelli separate?

  Cerebellar hemispheres
  anatomy meninges
• What shape does the falx cerebelli resemble?

  Mini sickle
  anatomy meninges
• What does the diaphragma sellae separate?

  Pituitary gland from brain above
  anatomy meninges
• What shape does the diaphragma sellae resemble?

  Sheet over sella
  anatomy meninges
• What is the characteristic of the arachnoid mater?

  Avascular, thin, web-like
  anatomy meninges
• What does the arachnoid mater not dip into?

  Sulci
  anatomy meninges
• What space separates the arachnoid mater from the dura mater?

  Subdural space (potential)
  anatomy meninges
• What does the subarachnoid space contain?

  • CSF
  • Cerebral arteries
  • Arachnoid trabeculae
  anatomy meninges
• What are arachnoid villi?

  Projections into venous sinuses
  anatomy meninges
• What are granulations in the arachnoid mater?

  Aggregates of villi
  anatomy meninges
• What is the function of arachnoid villi and granulations?

  Drain CSF into venous sinuses
  anatomy meninges
• What is the characteristic of the pia mater?

  Thin, vascular
  anatomy meninges
• What does the pia mater tightly adhere to?

  Brain and spinal cord
  anatomy meninges
• What does the pia mater follow?

  Sulci and gyri
  anatomy meninges
• What does the pia mater carry into the brain?

  Blood vessels
  anatomy meninges
• What artery supplies the dura mater?

  Middle Meningeal Artery
  anatomy meninges
• Where does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull?

  Via foramen spinosum
  anatomy meninges
• What regions does the middle meningeal artery supply?

  Dura mater, especially temporal and parietal regions
  anatomy meninges
• What is the location of the superior sagittal sinus?

  Upper falx cerebri
  anatomy venous_drainage
• What is the location of the inferior sagittal sinus?

  Lower falx cerebri
  anatomy venous_drainage
• Where is the straight sinus located?

  Where falx meets tentorium
  anatomy venous_drainage
• What is the location of the transverse sinus?

  Attached to tentorium cerebelli
  anatomy venous_drainage
• What does the sigmoid sinus become?

  Internal jugular vein
  anatomy venous_drainage
• Where is the cavernous sinus located?

  Beside sella turcica
  anatomy venous_drainage
• What innervates the anterior cranial fossa?

  CN V1 (Ophthalmic)
  anatomy nerve_supply
• What innervates the middle cranial fossa?

  CN V2 & V3
  anatomy nerve_supply
• What innervates the posterior cranial fossa?

  CN X (Vagus), C1–C3 (via cervical plexus)
  anatomy nerve_supply
• What lies beneath the dura mater?

  Arachnoid Mater
  anatomy meninges
• What lies beneath the arachnoid mater?

  Subarachnoid space with CSF
  anatomy meninges
• What lies beneath the pia mater?

  Brain/Spinal Cord
  anatomy meninges
• What is the cisterna magna?

  Between cerebellum & medulla
  anatomy cisterns
• What contents are found in the cisterna magna?

  • Vertebral arteries
  • PICA
  • CN IX, X, XI, XII roots
  • Choroid plexus of 4th ventricle
  anatomy cisterns
• What is a clinical note regarding the cisterna magna?

  CSF sampling site in children (cisternal puncture)
  clinical cisterns
• Where is the pontine cistern?

  Ventral to pons
  anatomy cisterns
• What contents are found in the pontine cistern?

  • Basilar artery
  • CN VI
  • AICA
  anatomy cisterns
• What is a clinical note regarding the pontine cistern?

  Basilar thrombosis = Locked-in Syndrome
  clinical cisterns
• What is the interpeduncular cistern?

  Between cerebral peduncles (midbrain)
  anatomy cisterns
• What contents are found in the interpeduncular cistern?

  • CN III
  • Circle of Willis
  • Basilar bifurcation
  • PCA
  anatomy cisterns
• What is a clinical note regarding the interpeduncular cistern?

  Common site of aneurysm → CN III palsy
  clinical cisterns
• What is the superior (quadrigeminal) cistern?

  Above cerebellum, behind midbrain (tectum)
  anatomy cisterns
• What contents are found in the superior (quadrigeminal) cistern?

  • Great cerebral vein (of Galen)
  • Pineal gland
  • PCA branches
  • CN IV
  anatomy cisterns
• What is a clinical note regarding the superior (quadrigeminal) cistern?

  CN IV exits here (only dorsal-exiting CN) - Pineal tumors compress this
  clinical cisterns
• What is the chiasmatic (suprasellar) cistern?

  Above optic chiasm
  anatomy cisterns
• What contents are found in the chiasmatic (suprasellar) cistern?

  • Optic chiasm
  • ACA
  • AComA
  • Infundibulum
  anatomy cisterns
• What is a clinical note regarding the chiasmatic (suprasellar) cistern?

  Aneurysm → bitemporal hemianopia
  clinical cisterns
• What is the crural cistern?

  Between parahippocampal gyrus & cerebral peduncle
  anatomy cisterns
• What contents are found in the crural cistern?

  • PCA
  • Basal vein of Rosenthal
  anatomy cisterns
• What is a clinical note regarding the crural cistern?

  Part of basal cisterns; expands in trauma
  clinical cisterns
• What is the ambient cistern?

  Lateral to midbrain
  anatomy cisterns
• What contents are found in the ambient cistern?

  • CN IV
  • PCA
  • Superior cerebellar artery
  anatomy cisterns
• What is a clinical note regarding the ambient cistern?

  CN IV palsy (vertical diplopia)
  clinical cisterns
• What is the prepontine cistern?

  Anterior to pons
  anatomy cisterns
• What contents are found in the prepontine cistern?

  • CN VI
  • Basilar artery
  anatomy cisterns
• What is a clinical note regarding the prepontine cistern?

  Sixth nerve palsy in raised ICP
  clinical cisterns
• What is the cisterna lumbalis?

  L2–S2 level
  anatomy cisterns
• What contents are found in the cisterna lumbalis?

  • Cauda equina
  • Filum terminale
  • CSF
  anatomy cisterns
• What is a clinical note regarding the cisterna lumbalis?

  Site of lumbar puncture (especially adults)
  clinical cisterns
• What classification is based on position of cisterns?

  Supratentorial
  classification cisterns
• What are the types of cisterns mentioned?

  • Interpeduncular
  • Ambient
  • Crural
  • Quadrigeminal (Superior)
  • Infratentorial
  • Cisterna Magna
  • Pontine
  • Prepontine
  • Lateral cerebellomedullary
  • Spinal
  • Lumbar cistern
  anatomy cisterns
• Which cranial nerve exits dorsally?

  CN IV (Trochlear), in quadrigeminal cistern
  anatomy cranial_nerves
• Which cistern contains the Circle of Willis?

  Interpeduncular & Suprasellar
  anatomy cisterns circle_of_willis
• Which cistern is used for lumbar puncture?

  Lumbar cistern
  anatomy clinical lumbar_puncture
• Where does the basilar artery run?

  Pontine + Prepontine cisterns
  anatomy arteries basilar_artery