The target of most antifungal drugs is
A. the ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. cholesterol.
D. ergosterol.
D.
Most common method of transfer of antimicrobial resistance is through the use of
A. viruses
B. R plasmids
C. introns
B.
Bacteria may become antibiotic resistant due to?
A. Their DNA structure
B. Their RNA structure
C. Acquisition of a plasmid.
C.
Mycolic acids are targeted by isoniazid in the treatment of?
A. S. aureus
B. S. epidermidis.
C. M. tuberculosis.
C.
Sulfonamides work as?
A. competitive inhibitors
B. noncompetitive inhibitors
C. ribosome-binding molecules.
A.
Fluoroquinolones typically target?
A. ribosomes.
B. peptidoglycan.
C. DNA gyrase.
C.
Inhibitors of protein synthesis typically target?
A. peptidoglycan
B. penicillin binding proteins.
C. ribosomes.
C.
Which of the following drugs target peptidoglycan?
A. Erythromycin
B. cephalosporin
C. vancomycin
B.
Which of the following bacteria have an innate resistance to penicillin?
A. S. Aureus
B. S. Epidermidis
C. M. Luteus
D. Mycoplasma
D.
Antimicrobials may produce?
A. allergic reactions
B. toxic effects
C. suppression of normal flora
D. All of the above.
D.
Rate of elimination of an antimicrobial is expressed as its?
A. destructive rate
B. half-life.
C. effective time
B.
Antibiotics effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are?
A. stress-induced.
B. narrow spectrum.
C. broad spectrum.
C.
Drugs that are bacteriostatic
A. kill bacteria
B. inactivate bacterial spores
C. inhibit the growth of bacteria.
C
Microorganisms that produce antibiotics?
A. Penicillium
B. Streptomyces
C. Bacillus
D. All of the above
D.
Arsenic compound that proved effective treatment for syphilis was?
A. penicillin.
B. sulfa.
C. Salvarsan.
C
Phenols are not commonly used nowadays because of their toxicity. A. True b. False
A. true
Which one of the following is true about H2O2?
A. It is sporicidal at high concentrations
B. It is an ionizing agent
C. None of the above is true
A.
Which one of the following is true about H2O2?
A. Metals decompose it
B. It is an ionizing
agent
C. None of the above is true
A
Triclosan is though to be harmful by affecting hormones.
A. True
b. False
A
The abnormal base pairings caused by UV are
a. T-T
b. T-C
c. both of the above are true.
C
If iodine is added to a starch plate and clear zone is observed around the bacterial colonies?
A. Citrate was digested
B. Starch was digested
C. Glucose was digested
B
Which is true of iodine?
A. It does not readily kill endospores.
B. It may be used as an
antiseptic or as a disinfectant.
C. It is important to use it at the recommended dilution.
D. It is usually found as tinctures or iodophors.
E. All of the choices are true
E.
The first example of an antimicrobial synthesized in a laboratory was
A. penicillin.
B. sulfa.
C. Salvarsan.
C
The arsenic compound that was effective in treating syphilis was
A. penicillin.
B. sulfa.
C. Salvarsan
C
What is the most effective method in destroying both endospores and vegetative cells.
A. autoclaving
b. dry heat
c. boiling
d. all the above.
A
Purple sulfur bacteria and filamentous sulfur-oxidizers both
A. accumulate sulfur as intracellular granules.
B. fix nitrogen.
C. produce oxygen from carbon dioxide. D. use gliding motility
A.
Cyanobacteria
A. are a form of algae.
B. are prokaryotes.
C. use hydrogen sulfide as an electron source.
D. are eukaryotes.
B
The earliest oxygenic phototrophs are thought to be
A. purple sulfur bacteria.
B. green non-sulfur bacteria.
C. purple non-sulfur bacteria. D. cyanobacteria.
D
The purple sulfur and green sulfur bacteria
A. both use hydrogen sulfide as a source of electrons.
B. generate oxygen.
C. preferentially use organic molecules as an electron source. D. both lack gas vesicles.
A
Anoxygenic phototrophs
A. produce oxygen.
B. use water as a source of electrons.
C. use hydrogen sulfide or organic compounds as a source of electrons.
C
Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus
A. produce catalase.
B. are obligate fermenters.
C. require anaerobic environments.
B.
Methanogens often grow in association with
A. nitrifying bacteria.
B. lithotrophic bacteria.
C. photosynthetic
bacteria.
D. fermentative bacteria.
D
The methanogens
A. are part of the Archaea.
B. oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane.
C. appear only in aerobic
environments.
D. use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.
E. are part of the Archaea AND oxidize hydrogen gas to
produce methane.
E.
In the phototrophic production of energy, the oxygen originates from
A. carbon dioxide.
B. water.
C. glucose
B.
Chemoorganotrophs
A. may use substrate-level phosphorylation to produce ATP.
B. may use oxidative
phosphorylation to produce ATP.
C. utilize an electrochemical gradient.
D. all of the above are true
D.
Peptidoglycan is present in?
A. eukaryotes
B. archaea
C. bacteria
C. bacteria
The 3 domain classification scheme uses?
A. order, phylum, class.
B. plants, animals, bacteria.
C. archaea, bacteria, eukarya.
C.
. The basic (smallest) taxonomic unit in the classification scheme of plants and animals is?
A. kingdom
B. class.
C. order.
D. species.
D. species
. From most general to most specific, which is the correct order?
A. phylum, class, kingdom, order, family, genus, species
B. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
C. kingdom, phylum, family, class, order, genus, species
D. kingdom, order, family, genus, phylum, class, species
B
In higher organisms, successful mating can occur between members of the same?
A. genus.
B. species.
C. class.
B. species
Most enzymes function best at
A. acidic pH and high salt concentrations.
B. basic pH and low salt concentrations.
C. neutral pH and high salt concentrations.
D. slightly above pH 7 and low salt concentrations.
D
Allosteric enzymes....
A. may bind two substrates.
B. are used to bind to other enzymes.
C. have an additional binding site that is involved in regulating enzyme activity
C
Fermentation ......
A. uses an inorganic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
B. uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
C. results in the production of a large amount of ATP.
B
Glycolysis ...
A. is also known as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway.
B. is also known as the Entner Duodoroff pathway.
C. is only used by Pseudomonas and a few other bacteria.
A
NAD in its reduced form is symbolized as
A. NADH.
B. NAD.
C. NAD
A
The name given to a reaction involving addition of electrons or hydrogen atoms to a compound is termed
A. glycolysis. B. reduction. C. oxidation.
B
Exergonic reactions ______
A. occur when there is more free energy in the products than the reactants.
B. occur when
there is more free energy in the reactants than the products.
C. are defined as a decrease in entropy
B
Biosynthetic reactions that require energy for the conversion of molecular subunits into larger molecules are
called
A. kinetic energy.
B. catabolic reactions.
C. anabolic reactions
C
Energy is defined as
A. potential to fall. B. capacity to do work. C. use of high level phosphate bonds
B
Buchner showed that ground-up yeast cells were able to convert sugar to alcohol. The components of the
mixture that were responsible for this transformation were ___
A. DNA molecules. B. enzymes. C. lipids.
D. carbohydrates.
B
Most common method of transfer of antimicrobial resistance is through the use of
A. viruses
B. R plasmids
C. introns
B.
Bacteria may become antibiotic resistant due to?
A. Their DNA structure
B. Their RNA structure
C. Acquisition of a plasmid.
C.
Mycolic acids are targeted by isoniazid in the treatment of?
A. S. aureus
B. S. epidermidis.
C. M. tuberculosis.
C.
Sulfonamides work as?
A. competitive inhibitors
B. noncompetitive inhibitors
C. ribosome-binding molecules.
A.
Inhibitors of protein synthesis typically target?
A. peptidoglycan
B. penicillin binding proteins.
C. ribosomes.
C.
Which of the following drugs target peptidoglycan?
A. Erythromycin
B. cephalosporin
C. vancomycin
B.
Which of the following bacteria have an innate resistance to penicillin?
A. S. Aureus
B. S. Epidermidis
C. M. Luteus
D. Mycoplasma
D.
Antimicrobials may produce?
A. allergic reactions
B. toxic effects
C. suppression of normal flora
D. All of the above.
D.
Rate of elimination of an antimicrobial is expressed as its?
A. destructive rate
B. half-life.
C. effective time
B.
Antibiotics effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are?
A. stress-induced.
B. narrow spectrum.
C. broad spectrum.
C.
Drugs that are bacteriostatic
A. kill bacteria
B. inactivate bacterial spores
C. inhibit the growth of bacteria.
C
Microorganisms that produce antibiotics?
A. Penicillium
B. Streptomyces
C. Bacillus
D. All of the above
D.
Arsenic compound that proved effective treatment for syphilis was?
A. penicillin.
B. sulfa.
C. Salvarsan.
C
Which one of the following is true about H2O2?
A. It is sporicidal at high concentrations
B. It is an ionizing agent
C. None of the above is true
A.
Which one of the following is true about H2O2?
A. Metals decompose it
B. It is an ionizing
agent
C. None of the above is true
A
If iodine is added to a starch plate and clear zone is observed around the bacterial colonies?
A. Citrate was digested
B. Starch was digested
C. Glucose was digested
B
Which is true of iodine?
A. It does not readily kill endospores.
B. It may be used as an
antiseptic or as a disinfectant.
C. It is important to use it at the recommended dilution.
D. It is usually found as tinctures or iodophors.
E. All of the choices are true
E.
The first example of an antimicrobial synthesized in a laboratory was
A. penicillin.
B. sulfa.
C. Salvarsan.
C
The arsenic compound that was effective in treating syphilis was
A. penicillin.
B. sulfa.
C. Salvarsan
C
What is the most effective method in destroying both endospores and vegetative cells.
A. autoclaving
b. dry heat
c. boiling
d. all the above.
A
Purple sulfur bacteria and filamentous sulfur-oxidizers both
A. accumulate sulfur as intracellular granules.
B. fix nitrogen.
C. produce oxygen from carbon dioxide. D. use gliding motility
A.
Cyanobacteria
A. are a form of algae.
B. are prokaryotes.
C. use hydrogen sulfide as an electron source.
D. are eukaryotes.
B
The earliest oxygenic phototrophs are thought to be
A. purple sulfur bacteria.
B. green non-sulfur bacteria.
C. purple non-sulfur bacteria. D. cyanobacteria.
D
The purple sulfur and green sulfur bacteria
A. both use hydrogen sulfide as a source of electrons.
B. generate oxygen.
C. preferentially use organic molecules as an electron source. D. both lack gas vesicles.
A
Anoxygenic phototrophs
A. produce oxygen.
B. use water as a source of electrons.
C. use hydrogen sulfide or organic compounds as a source of electrons.
C
Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus
A. produce catalase.
B. are obligate fermenters.
C. require anaerobic environments.
B.
Methanogens often grow in association with
A. nitrifying bacteria.
B. lithotrophic bacteria.
C. photosynthetic
bacteria.
D. fermentative bacteria.
D
The methanogens
A. are part of the Archaea.
B. oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane.
C. appear only in aerobic
environments.
D. use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.
E. are part of the Archaea AND oxidize hydrogen gas to
produce methane.
E.
In the phototrophic production of energy, the oxygen originates from
A. carbon dioxide.
B. water.
C. glucose
B.
Chemoorganotrophs
A. may use substrate-level phosphorylation to produce ATP.
B. may use oxidative
phosphorylation to produce ATP.
C. utilize an electrochemical gradient.
D. all of the above are true
D.
The 3 domain classification scheme uses?
A. order, phylum, class.
B. plants, animals, bacteria.
C. archaea, bacteria, eukarya.
C.
. The basic (smallest) taxonomic unit in the classification scheme of plants and animals is?
A. kingdom
B. class.
C. order.
D. species.
D. species
. From most general to most specific, which is the correct order?
A. phylum, class, kingdom, order, family, genus, species
B. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
C. kingdom, phylum, family, class, order, genus, species
D. kingdom, order, family, genus, phylum, class, species
B
In higher organisms, successful mating can occur between members of the same?
A. genus.
B. species.
C. class.
B. species
Most enzymes function best at
A. acidic pH and high salt concentrations.
B. basic pH and low salt concentrations.
C. neutral pH and high salt concentrations.
D. slightly above pH 7 and low salt concentrations.
D
Allosteric enzymes....
A. may bind two substrates.
B. are used to bind to other enzymes.
C. have an additional binding site that is involved in regulating enzyme activity
C
Fermentation ......
A. uses an inorganic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
B. uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
C. results in the production of a large amount of ATP.
B
Glycolysis ...
A. is also known as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway.
B. is also known as the Entner Duodoroff pathway.
C. is only used by Pseudomonas and a few other bacteria.
A
The name given to a reaction involving addition of electrons or hydrogen atoms to a compound is termed
A. glycolysis. B. reduction. C. oxidation.
B
Exergonic reactions ______
A. occur when there is more free energy in the products than the reactants.
B. occur when
there is more free energy in the reactants than the products.
C. are defined as a decrease in entropy
B
Biosynthetic reactions that require energy for the conversion of molecular subunits into larger molecules are
called
A. kinetic energy.
B. catabolic reactions.
C. anabolic reactions
C
Energy is defined as
A. potential to fall. B. capacity to do work. C. use of high level phosphate bonds
B
Buchner showed that ground-up yeast cells were able to convert sugar to alcohol. The components of the
mixture that were responsible for this transformation were ___
A. DNA molecules. B. enzymes. C. lipids.
D. carbohydrates.
B
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