Flashcards in this deck (31)

• What is the focus of Medical Biochemistry?

  Studying the chemistry of life
  biochemistry focus
• What are proteins classified as?

  Most abundant biological macromolecule
  proteins biochemistry
• How many amino acids are proteins constructed from?

  20 amino acids
  proteins amino_acids
• How many amino acids exist?

  More than 20
  amino_acids biochemistry
• What are the two classifications of amino acids?

  Essential and non-essential
  amino_acids classification
• What are the R group classes for amino acids?

  Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic
  amino_acids r_groups
• What are the charged amino acids mentioned?

  Glutamic acid and Arginine
  amino_acids charged
• What is the special amino acid mentioned?

  Cysteine
  amino_acids special
• What forms when two cysteine residues lose hydrogen atoms?

  Cystine residue
  cystine amino_acids
• What is formed between the carboxylic acid and amino nitrogen groups?

  Peptide bond
  peptide_bond biochemistry
• What is the primary structure of a protein?

  Chain of amino acids from N-terminal to C-terminal
  protein_structure primary
• What is an oligopeptide?

  A few amino acids
  polymers oligopeptide
• What is a polypeptide?

  Many amino acids
  polymers polypeptide
• What is a protein?

  Thousands of amino acids
  polymers protein
• What is the confirmation of a protein?

  Spatial arrangement of atoms within a protein
  protein_structure confirmation
• What is a native protein?

  Functional, folded confirmation
  protein_structure native
• What does stability refer to in proteins?

  Tendency to maintain native confirmation
  protein_structure stability
• What does secondary structure refer to?

  How the polypeptide backbone folds
  protein_structure secondary
• What is tertiary structure in proteins?

  How the protein is bended and folded
  biochemistry protein_structure
• What combines to form tertiary structure domains?

  Secondary structures like α-helices, β-sheets, β-turns, and loop regions
  biochemistry protein_structure
• What are fibrous proteins?

  Chains arranged in strands/sheets, single type of 2o structure, provide structure & support, H2O insoluble
  biochemistry protein_types
• What are globular proteins?

  Chains folded into spherical shape, multiple types of 2o structure, includes enzymes & regulatory proteins
  biochemistry protein_types
• What is α-keratin?

  Fibrous protein, α-helix, cross-linked by S-S bonds, high cysteine concentration
  biochemistry fibrous_proteins
• What is collagen?

  Fibrous protein, α-helix, high concentration of Gly-Pro-Hyp, increasing rigidity with age
  biochemistry fibrous_proteins
• What is myoglobin?

  Globular protein, single chain of 153 amino acids + a heme group, dense hydrophobic core
  biochemistry globular_proteins
• What is quaternary structure in proteins?

  How multiple protein subunits are arranged together
  biochemistry protein_structure
• What is an example of quaternary structure?

  Hemoglobin, the 1st 4o structure to be deduced
  biochemistry quaternary_structure
• What do enzymes do?

  Accelerate a chemical reaction by serving as a biological catalyst
  biochemistry enzyme_function
• What do structural proteins provide?

  Structural elements of cells and tissues
  biochemistry structural_proteins
• What do motor proteins support?

  Transport and movement of cellular components
  biochemistry motor_proteins
• What do transport/channel proteins create?

  Structural 'tunnels' to move materials in/out of cells and organelles
  biochemistry transport_proteins