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What are the functions of the nervous system?
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What structures make up the CNS?
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What structures are part of the PNS?
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What are the components of the functional division of the nervous system?
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What does the sensory division do?
Signals from sensory receptors to CNS (afferent)
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What does the motor division do?
Signals from CNS to muscles & glands (efferent)
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What are viscera?
Structures inside the ventral body cavity (e.g., lungs, heart)
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What does somatic refer to?
Structures outside the ventral body cavity (e.g., skin, muscles)
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What does somatic sensory detect?
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What does visceral sensory detect?
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What does somatic motor do?
Stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles (voluntary control)
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What does visceral motor control?
Contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle, secretion of glands (involuntary control)
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What are the main components of nervous tissue?
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What are the key characteristics of neurons?
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What is the function of dendrites?
Receive signals from other neurons and conduct signals toward cell body
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What is the function of an axon?
Transmits nerve signals from cell body to other cells
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What are the types of neuron structural classification?
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What is the role of sensory neurons?
Transmits signals from body to CNS (most are unipolar)
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What is the role of motor neurons?
Carries signals away from the CNS (most are multipolar)
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What is the role of interneurons?
Connects motor and sensory neurons
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What are glial cells?
Support and protect neurons
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What is the function of astrocytes?
Most abundant CNS glial cell; helps form blood-brain barrier
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What do microglial cells do?
Act as phagocytic cells in the CNS
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What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Wrap around axons in CNS and make myelin sheaths
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What do Schwann cells do?
Wrap around axons in PNS and form myelin sheath
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What is a nerve?
Bundle of axons, part of PNS, with connective tissue layers
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What is a synapse?
Site where neurons communicate via axon terminal and dendrites
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What is a presynaptic neuron?
A specialized cell that sends signals to other cells
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What is the function of the presynaptic neuron?
Releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
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What is the synaptic cleft?
A narrow space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons
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How does the postsynaptic neuron receive signals?
Through dendrites
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What does the postsynaptic neuron do with the signal?
Carries signal away from synapse
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What are the main parts of a neuron?
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What is a unipolar neuron?
A single elongated process with the cell body located off to the side
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What is a bipolar neuron?
Two processes separated by the cell body
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What is a multipolar neuron?
More than two processes, a single axon and multiple dendrites
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What are the functions of the nervous system?
What structures make up the CNS?
What structures are part of the PNS?
What are the components of the functional division of the nervous system?
What does the sensory division do?
Signals from sensory receptors to CNS (afferent)
What does the motor division do?
Signals from CNS to muscles & glands (efferent)
What are viscera?
Structures inside the ventral body cavity (e.g., lungs, heart)
What does somatic refer to?
Structures outside the ventral body cavity (e.g., skin, muscles)
What does somatic sensory detect?
What does visceral sensory detect?
What does somatic motor do?
Stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles (voluntary control)
What does visceral motor control?
Contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle, secretion of glands (involuntary control)
What are the main components of nervous tissue?
What are the key characteristics of neurons?
What is the function of dendrites?
Receive signals from other neurons and conduct signals toward cell body
What is the function of an axon?
Transmits nerve signals from cell body to other cells
What are the types of neuron structural classification?
What is the role of sensory neurons?
Transmits signals from body to CNS (most are unipolar)
What is the role of motor neurons?
Carries signals away from the CNS (most are multipolar)
What is the role of interneurons?
Connects motor and sensory neurons
What are glial cells?
Support and protect neurons
What is the function of astrocytes?
Most abundant CNS glial cell; helps form blood-brain barrier
What do microglial cells do?
Act as phagocytic cells in the CNS
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Wrap around axons in CNS and make myelin sheaths
What do Schwann cells do?
Wrap around axons in PNS and form myelin sheath
What is a nerve?
Bundle of axons, part of PNS, with connective tissue layers
What is a synapse?
Site where neurons communicate via axon terminal and dendrites
What is a presynaptic neuron?
A specialized cell that sends signals to other cells
What is the function of the presynaptic neuron?
Releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
What is the synaptic cleft?
A narrow space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons
How does the postsynaptic neuron receive signals?
Through dendrites
What does the postsynaptic neuron do with the signal?
Carries signal away from synapse
What are the main parts of a neuron?
What is a unipolar neuron?
A single elongated process with the cell body located off to the side
What is a bipolar neuron?
Two processes separated by the cell body
What is a multipolar neuron?
More than two processes, a single axon and multiple dendrites
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