このデッキのフラッシュカード（267）

• What is the skeletal system composed of?

  • Bones
  • Cartilages
  anatomy skeletal_system
• What connects the bones in the skeletal system?

  Joints
  anatomy joints
• What is the function of cartilage?

  Allows flexibility
  anatomy cartilage
• What are the functions of bones?

  • Form skeleton
  • Attachment for muscles & ligaments
  • Allow body movements
  • Protect vital organs
  • Store calcium salts
  • Produce blood cells
  anatomy bones functions
• What protects the brain?

  The skull
  anatomy protection
• What protects the heart and lungs?

  Thoracic wall
  anatomy protection
• What are the connective tissue coverings of bones and cartilage called?

  • Bones: Periosteum
  • Cartilage: Perichondrium
  anatomy connective_tissue
• What does the skeleton provide to the body?

  Shape and form
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the source of blood cells in the body?

  Bone marrow
  anatomy blood_cells
• What major bones and joints are labeled in the diagram?

  
  anatomy skeleton diagram
• What type of tissue is bone classified as?

  Bone is a type of connective tissue.
  biology anatomy
• What makes bone hard?

  Bone is hard due to its high content of calcium salts.
  biology anatomy
• What are the two types of bone tissue?

  • Compact bone
  • Cancellous (spongy) bone
  biology anatomy
• What is compact bone?

  Compact bone is dense and hard, forming the shaft of long bones and the outer shell of other bones.
  biology anatomy
• What is the structure of compact bone?

  Compact bone consists of cylindrical units called Haversian systems.
  biology anatomy
• What is cancellous bone?

  Cancellous (spongy) bone is a delicate bony meshwork filling the inside of bones, except where the medullary cavity exists.
  biology anatomy
• What does the medullary cavity contain?

  The medullary cavity contains bone marrow.
  biology anatomy
• What is shown in the diagram of a long bone?

  The diagram shows spongy bone, compact bone, and the medullary cavity.
  biology anatomy
• What are long bones?

  • Tubular and longer than wide
  • Found in limbs (e.g. humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula)
  anatomy bones
• What are short bones?

  • Cuboidal in shape
  • Found in hand and foot (carpal & tarsal bones)
  anatomy bones
• What are flat bones?

  • Thin and flattened
  • Have protective functions (e.g. scapula, ribs, skull bones)
  anatomy bones
• What are irregular bones?

  • Irregular in shape
  • Have many processes (e.g. vertebrae, pelvic bones, facial bones)
  anatomy bones
• What are pneumatic bones?

  • Contain air-filled cavities (e.g. ethmoid & maxilla bones)
  anatomy bones
• What are sesamoid bones?

  • Embedded within certain tendons (e.g. patella & fabella)
  anatomy bones
• What are sutural bones?

  • Found between the skull sutures
  anatomy bones
• Which bones are considered long bones in the hand and foot?

  • Metatarsal bones
  • Metacarpal bones
  • Phalanges
  anatomy bones
• What are the two main parts of long bones?

  • Shaft (Diaphysis)
  • Ends (Epiphysis)
  anatomy bones
• What is the shaft of a long bone called?

  Diaphysis
  anatomy bones
• What does the diaphysis contain?

  A central cavity called medullary cavity
  anatomy bones
• What lines the shaft of a long bone?

  Endosteum
  anatomy bones
• What is the outer covering of the shaft called?

  Periosteum
  anatomy bones
• What do osteoblasts in the periosteum do?

  Form bone and help in repair
  anatomy bones
• What are the ends of long bones called?

  Epiphysis
  anatomy bones
• What type of bone forms the ends of long bones?

  Cancellous (spongy) bone
  anatomy bones
• What covers the articular surfaces of the epiphysis?

  Hyaline cartilage
  anatomy bones
• What separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis during growth?

  Epiphyseal cartilage
  anatomy bones
• What is the metaphysis?

  Part of diaphysis adjacent to epiphyseal line
  anatomy bones
• What does the metaphysis transmit?

  Load from joint surfaces to diaphysis
  anatomy bones
• What is depicted in the long bone diagram?

  Shaft (diaphysis) and ends (epiphysis) structure
  anatomy bones
• What is the proximal epiphysis of the humerus?

  The end part of the humerus closest to the shoulder joint.
  anatomy humerus
• What is the distal epiphysis of the humerus?

  The end part of the humerus closest to the elbow joint.
  anatomy humerus
• What is the diaphysis of the humerus?

  The shaft or long central part of the humerus.
  anatomy humerus
• What is the metaphysis of the humerus?

  The region between the epiphysis and diaphysis, involved in bone growth.
  anatomy humerus
• What is the function of articular cartilage in the humerus?

  Cushions and reduces friction at the joint surfaces.
  anatomy joints
• What is spongy bone in the humerus?

  A porous type of bone found at the ends of the humerus, containing red bone marrow.
  anatomy bone_structure
• What does the medullary cavity of the humerus contain?

  It contains yellow bone marrow and is involved in fat storage.
  anatomy bone_structure
• What is the nutrient artery in the humerus?

  An artery that supplies blood to the bone.
  anatomy circulation
• What is the epiphyseal line in the humerus?

  The remnant of the growth plate, indicating where bone growth occurred.
  anatomy growth
• What is the compact bone in the humerus?

  The dense outer layer that provides strength and structure.
  anatomy bone_structure
• What is the endosteum in the humerus?

  A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.
  anatomy bone_structure
• What is the function of red bone marrow in the humerus?

  It is responsible for the production of blood cells.
  anatomy hematopoiesis
• What does the diagram of the humerus illustrate?

  It shows the structure and regional divisions of the humerus.
  anatomy illustration
• What is ossification of bone?

  The process of bone formation from specialized mesenchymal tissue.
  anatomy ossification
• When does primary ossification occur?

  It starts with the appearance of points where cartilage calcifies and periosteal capillaries grow.
  anatomy ossification
• What do primary ossification centers form?

  They are responsible for ossification of the central parts of the bone, forming the diaphysis.
  anatomy ossification
• When do secondary ossification centers appear?

  After birth, they appear in the peripheral parts of the bone.
  anatomy ossification
• What do secondary ossification centers complete?

  They complete the process of ossification, forming epiphyses.
  anatomy ossification
• What does the diagram illustrate?

  The process of bone growth and ossification, showing stages from hyaline cartilage model to fully formed bone.
  anatomy ossification
• What is endochondral ossification?

  Bone formed by replacement of the cartilaginous model by bone tissue (e.g., long bones).
  biology ossification
• What is intramembranous ossification?

  Bone formed directly from connective tissue membrane (e.g., flat bones, clavicle).
  biology ossification
• What type of ossification occurs in long bones?

  Endochondral ossification.
  biology ossification
• What type of ossification occurs in flat bones?

  Intramembranous ossification.
  biology ossification
• What does the diagram of endochondral ossification illustrate?

  Stages of bone growth replacing cartilage.
  biology ossification
• What does the diagram of intramembranous ossification show?

  Bone tissue growing over a membrane, illustrating fetal skull ossification.
  biology ossification
• What are the sources of blood supply for bones?

  • Nutrient arteries
  • Periosteal arteries
  • Metaphyseal arteries
  • Epiphyseal arteries
  anatomy blood_supply
• How do nutrient arteries enter the bone?

  Through a nutrient foramen in the diaphysis
  anatomy blood_supply
• What types of nerves supply bones?

  • Periosteal nerves
  • Sensory endings
  • Vasomotor nerves
  anatomy nerve_supply
• What is the function of vasomotor nerves in bones?

  They regulate blood flow through bone marrow
  anatomy nerve_supply
• What does the diagram of a long bone illustrate?

  The blood supply including arteries and veins
  anatomy blood_supply
• What is the body of a bone?

  The principal mass of a bone; the shaft in long bones; anterior weight-bearing portions in vertebrae.
  anatomy bones
• What is a capitulum?

  A small, round, articular head (e.g., capitulum of the humerus).
  anatomy bones
• What is a condyle?

  A rounded, knuckle-like articular area, often occurring in pairs (e.g., lateral and medial femoral condyles).
  anatomy bones
• What is a crest?

  A ridge of bone (e.g., iliac crest).
  anatomy bones
• What is an epicondyle?

  An eminence superior or adjacent to a condyle (e.g., lateral epicondyle of the humerus).
  anatomy bones
• What is a facet?

  A smooth flat area, usually covered with cartilage, where a bone articulates with another bone (e.g., superior costal facet on a vertebra).
  anatomy bones
• What is a foramen?

  A passage through a bone (e.g., obturator foramen).
  anatomy bones
• What is a fossa?

  A hollow or depressed area (e.g., infraspinous fossa of the scapula).
  anatomy bones
• What is a groove?

  An elongated depression or furrow (e.g., radial groove of the humerus).
  anatomy bones
• What are the parts of a rib?

  • Head
  • Neck
  • Tubercle
  • Body
  anatomy bones
• What is the spinous process?

  A projection from the vertebrae, contributing to the spine structure.
  anatomy bones
• What is the greater tubercle?

  A prominent projection on the humerus, important for muscle attachment.
  anatomy bones
• What is the iliac crest?

  The superior border of the ilium, important for muscle attachment.
  anatomy bones
• What is the greater sciatic notch?

  A notch in the ilium that allows passage for nerves and blood vessels.
  anatomy bones
• What is the obturator foramen?

  A large opening in the pelvis, formed by the ischium and pubis.
  anatomy bones
• What is the lateral malleolus?

  The bony prominence on the outer side of the ankle, part of the fibula.
  anatomy bones
• What are the articular facets of vertebra?

  Smooth surfaces on vertebrae that articulate with adjacent vertebrae or ribs.
  anatomy bones
• What is depicted in the skeleton diagram?

  A posterior and anterior view of the human skeleton with labeled bones.
  anatomy skeleton
• What is a head in bone markings?

  A large, round articular end (e.g., head of the humerus).
  anatomy bone_markings
• What is a malleolus?

  A rounded process (e.g., lateral malleolus of the fibula).
  anatomy bone_markings
• What does neck refer to in bone markings?

  A relatively narrow portion proximal to the head.
  anatomy bone_markings
• What is a notch in bone terminology?

  An indentation at the edge of a bone (e.g., greater sciatic notch).
  anatomy bone_markings
• Define process in the context of bone markings.

  An extension or projection serving a particular purpose, having a characteristic shape (e.g., articular process).
  anatomy bone_markings
• What is a protuberance?

  A bulge or projection of bone (e.g., external occipital protuberance).
  anatomy bone_markings
• What does shaft refer to in bone structure?

  The diaphysis, or body, of a long bone.
  anatomy bone_markings
• What is a spine in bone anatomy?

  A thorn-like process (e.g., spine of the scapula).
  anatomy bone_markings
• Define trochanter in bone markings.

  A large blunt elevation (e.g., greater trochanter of the femur).
  anatomy bone_markings
• What is a tubercle?

  A small raised eminence (e.g., greater tubercle of the humerus).
  anatomy bone_markings
• What does tuberosity refer to?

  A large rounded elevation (e.g., ischial tuberosity).
  anatomy bone_markings
• What is a trochlea?

  A spool-like articular process or process that acts as a pulley (e.g., trochlea of the humerus).
  anatomy bone_markings
• What are the components of a rib?

  • Head
  • Neck
  • Tubercle
  • Body
  anatomy rib
• What is the capitulum?

  A rounded articular surface on the humerus.
  anatomy humerus
• Identify the external occipital protuberance.

  A prominent bone marking on the occipital bone.
  anatomy skull
• What is the greater trochanter?

  A large projection on the femur for muscle attachment.
  anatomy femur
• What is the ischial tuberosity?

  A bony prominence on the ischium, supporting weight while sitting.
  anatomy pelvis
• What is the radial groove?

  A shallow groove on the humerus for the radial nerve.
  anatomy humerus
• What does the spinous process refer to?

  A bony projection on a vertebra, serving as an attachment point for muscles.
  anatomy vertebrae
• What bones are part of the axial skeleton?

  • Skull
  • Sternum
  • Ribs
  • Vertebrae
  • Coccyx
  anatomy skeleton
• What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?

  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  • Humerus
  • Radius
  • Ulna
  • Pelvic girdle
  • Femur
  • Tibia
  • Fibula
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the function of the axial skeleton?

  Supports the head, neck, and trunk; protects the brain and spinal cord.
  anatomy functions
• What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

  Facilitates movement and supports the limbs.
  anatomy functions
• What are the major components of the appendicular skeleton?

  • Bones of upper limb
  • Bones of lower limb
  • Shoulder girdle
  • Pelvic girdle
  anatomy components
• What is the diagram illustrating the skeleton?

  
  anatomy diagram
• What are the two parts of the skull?

  • Brain box (vault): upper & posterior part
  • Facial skeleton: anterior part
  anatomy skull
• How many bones make up the skull?

  22 bones total - 1 movable bone: mandible - 21 immovable bones
  anatomy bones
• What types of joints do the immovable bones of the skull have?

  They articulate by fibrous joints (sutures).
  anatomy joints
• What is the movable bone of the skull?

  Mandible
  anatomy bones
• What does the brain box of the skull consist of?

  It is the upper & posterior part of the skull.
  anatomy brain_box
• What does the facial skeleton of the skull consist of?

  It is the anterior part of the skull.
  anatomy facial_skeleton
• What major bones are labeled in the anatomical illustration of the skull?

  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
  • Sphenoid
  • Zygomatic
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
  anatomy illustration
• What is the source of the anatomical illustration of the skull?

  
  anatomy illustration
• What are the single bones of the skull?

  • Frontal bone
  • Occipital bone
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Sphenoid bone
  • Vomer
  • Mandible
  anatomy skull
• What bone is located at the front of the skull?

  Frontal bone
  anatomy skull
• Which bone forms the base of the skull?

  Occipital bone
  anatomy skull
• What bone is located between the nasal cavity and the brain?

  Ethmoid bone
  anatomy skull
• Which bone is shaped like a butterfly and is located in the middle of the skull?

  Sphenoid bone
  anatomy skull
• What is the name of the bone that forms the lower jaw?

  Mandible
  anatomy skull
• What is the name of the bone that separates the nasal cavity from the mouth?

  Vomer
  anatomy skull
• What bones are highlighted in this image?

  • Frontal bone
  • Vomer
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Nasal bone
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
  anatomy skull
• What view shows the major cranial and facial bones?

  Lateral view of the skull
  anatomy skull
• What does this image highlight?

  Nasal bones
  anatomy skull
• What are the paired bones of the skull?

  • Parietal bone
  • Temporal bone
  • Maxilla
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Nasal bone
  • Lacrimal bone
  • Palatine bone
  • Inferior nasal concha
  anatomy skull
• What is the function of the parietal bone?

  Forms the sides and roof of the skull.
  anatomy skull bones
• What is the location of the temporal bone?

  Located at the sides and base of the skull.
  anatomy skull bones
• What is the role of the maxilla?

  Forms the upper jaw and supports the upper teeth.
  anatomy skull bones
• What does the zygomatic bone form?

  Forms the cheekbone and part of the eye socket.
  anatomy skull bones
• What is the function of the nasal bone?

  Forms the bridge of the nose.
  anatomy skull bones
• What is the role of the lacrimal bone?

  Forms part of the eye socket and contains the lacrimal sac.
  anatomy skull bones
• What does the palatine bone contribute to?

  Forms part of the hard palate and floor of the nasal cavity.
  anatomy skull bones
• What is the function of the inferior nasal concha?

  Helps to filter and warm the air inhaled through the nose.
  anatomy skull bones
• What does the inferior view of the skull show?

  Highlights the maxilla, sphenoid bone, palatine bone, and vomer.
  anatomy skull
• What does the anterior view of the skull illustrate?

  Shows the frontal bone, lacrimal bone, ethmoid bone, and nasal cavity bones.
  anatomy skull
• How many cervical vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

  7 cervical vertebrae
  anatomy vertebral_column
• How many thoracic vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

  12 thoracic vertebrae
  anatomy vertebral_column
• How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

  5 lumbar vertebrae
  anatomy vertebral_column
• How many sacral vertebrae are fused to form the sacrum?

  5 sacral vertebrae
  anatomy vertebral_column
• How many coccygeal vertebrae are fused to form the coccyx?

  4 coccygeal vertebrae
  anatomy vertebral_column
• What is the primary function of the vertebral column?

  Provides support for the head and trunk
  anatomy functions
• What does the vertebral column protect?

  It protects the spinal cord
  anatomy functions
• What regions are labeled in the vertebral column diagram?

  Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
  anatomy vertebral_column
• What is shown in the lateral view of the vertebral column diagram?

  Color-coded regions: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
  anatomy vertebral_column
• What is the shape and position of the vertebra body?

  Disc shaped and anterior in position
  anatomy vertebra
• What forms the vertebral arch?

  2 pedicles and 2 laminae
  anatomy vertebra
• What is the vertebral foramen?

  The ring bound by the vertebral arch
  anatomy vertebra
• What is formed by the succession of vertebral foramina?

  The vertebral canal
  anatomy vertebra
• How many processes project from the vertebral arch?

  7 processes
  anatomy vertebra
• How many transverse processes are there?

  2 transverse processes
  anatomy vertebra
• What do the superior articular processes articulate with?

  The inferior articular processes of the vertebra above
  anatomy vertebra
• What do the inferior articular processes articulate with?

  The superior articular processes of the vertebra below
  anatomy vertebra
• What does the lateral diagram of a vertebra show?

  The complex structure of a single vertebra
  anatomy vertebra
• What is the body shape of cervical vertebrae?

  Small & oval
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the spinous process of cervical vertebrae like?

  Short & bifid
  anatomy vertebrae
• Do cervical vertebrae show a transverse foramen?

  Yes
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the vertebral foramen shape of cervical vertebrae?

  Large & triangular
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the body shape of thoracic vertebrae?

  Heart-shaped with 2 demifacets
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the spinous process of thoracic vertebrae like?

  Long & directed down
  anatomy vertebrae
• Do thoracic vertebrae have facets for rib articulation?

  Yes
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the vertebral foramen shape of thoracic vertebrae?

  Small & circular
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the body shape of lumbar vertebrae?

  Large & kidney-shaped
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the spinous process of lumbar vertebrae like?

  Short & thick & horizontal
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the vertebral foramen shape of lumbar vertebrae?

  Large & circular
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is shown in the overhead view of lumbar vertebrae?

  Shape of the body and vertebral arch
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the characteristic feature of cervical vertebrae?

  Show a transverse foramen
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the characteristic feature of thoracic vertebrae?

  Have facets for articulation with rib tubercle
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the characteristic feature of lumbar vertebrae?

  Long & slender
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is depicted in the image comparing cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae?

  Characteristics of each vertebra type
  anatomy vertebrae
• What are the three types of vertebrae?

  • Cervical Vertebra
  • Thoracic Vertebra
  • Lumbar Vertebra
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is the function of the Atlas (C1)?

  Supports the skull and allows nodding motion.
  anatomy cervical
• What is the function of the Axis (C2)?

  Allows rotation of the head.
  anatomy cervical
• What are the key features of thoracic vertebrae?

  • Demifacets
  • Vertebral notch
  • Spine
  anatomy thoracic
• What are the key features of lumbar vertebrae?

  • Body
  • Pedicle
  • Lamina
  • Spinous process
  • Transverse process
  anatomy lumbar
• What is depicted in the illustration of cervical vertebrae?

  Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2) with Dens and bifid spine.
  anatomy cervical
• What are the features labeled in the thoracic vertebra diagram?

  • Body
  • Spinal canal
  • Transverse processes
  • Facets for ribs
  anatomy thoracic
• What are the features labeled in the lumbar vertebra diagram?

  • Body
  • Pedicle
  • Lamina
  • Inferior Articular Process
  • Spinous Process
  anatomy lumbar
• What is the shape of the sacrum?

  Triangular-shaped with apex directed downwards
  anatomy sacrum
• How many vertebrae are fused in the sacrum?

  5 fused vertebrae
  anatomy sacrum
• What becomes the median sacral crest?

  Spinous processes fuse
  anatomy sacrum
• What forms the lateral sacral crest?

  Transverse processes fuse
  anatomy sacrum
• What does the vertebral foramen become in the sacrum?

  Sacral canal
  anatomy sacrum
• How many vertebrae are fused in the coccyx?

  2-4 fused vertebrae
  anatomy coccyx
• What does the coccyx attach to?

  Attaches to the sacrum
  anatomy coccyx
• What are intervertebral foramina?

  Notches for spinal nerve passage
  anatomy vertebrae
• What do adjacent notches in the vertebral arch form?

  Intervertebral foramen
  anatomy vertebrae
• What is shown in the diagram related to intervertebral discs?

  Nucleus and annulus of the disc
  anatomy discs
• What does the anterior view diagram of the sacrum and coccyx include?

  Labels for Sacrum, Coccyx, Ala, Spinous tubercles, Sacral canal, Dorsal sacral foramina, and Sacral hiatus
  anatomy sacrum
• What are the four curves of the vertebral column?

  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Pelvic
  anatomy vertebral_column
• What shape does the vertebral column form at birth?

  One C-shaped curve (1ry curve) that is convex backward
  anatomy development
• What are the secondary curves of the vertebral column?

  Curves that appear in the cervical and lumbar regions, convex forward
  anatomy curves
• Which curves of the vertebral column are convex forward?

  • Cervical
  • Lumbar
  anatomy curves
• Which curves of the vertebral column are convex backward?

  • Thoracic
  • Pelvic
  anatomy curves
• What does the vertebral column look like at three months of gestation?

  Developing bones with a C-shaped curve
  anatomy development
• What is kyphosis?

  Increased backward curvature of the thoracic region.
  anatomy spine
• What is lordosis?

  Increased forward curvature of the lumbar region.
  anatomy spine
• What is scoliosis?

  Lateral curvature usually in the thoracic region.
  anatomy spine
• What does this illustration show?

  It shows abnormal spinal curvatures including kyphosis and scoliosis.
  anatomy illustration
• What do the diagrams illustrate?

  They illustrate types of scoliosis with thoracic and lumbar views.
  anatomy illustration
• What are the components of the thoracic cage?

  • Sternum
  • 12 thoracic vertebrae
  • 12 pairs of ribs
  anatomy thoracic_cage
• What are the three parts of the sternum?

  • Manubrium sterni
  • Body
  • Xiphoid process
  anatomy sternum
• What is the sternal angle?

  The junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
  anatomy sternal_angle
• What does the sternum consist of?

  Three fused pieces: - Manubrium sterni - Body - Xiphoid process
  anatomy sternum
• How many pairs of ribs are in the thoracic cage?

  12 pairs of ribs.
  anatomy ribs
• What is the function of the thoracic cage?

  Protects vital organs and supports the upper body structure.
  anatomy thoracic_cage
• What is labeled in the diagram of the thoracic cage?

  Includes sternum, ribs, and vertebrae.
  anatomy thoracic_cage
• How many pairs of ribs are there?

  12 pairs
  anatomy ribs
• Where are all the ribs attached at their posterior ends?

  To the vertebrae
  anatomy ribs
• What are the true ribs?

  The upper 7 pairs attached directly to the sternum
  anatomy ribs
• How are the false ribs attached?

  Attached to the 7th costal cartilage
  anatomy ribs
• What are the floating ribs?

  Ribs 11 and 12 with no anterior attachment
  anatomy ribs
• What do the true ribs connect to?

  The sternum by their costal cartilages
  anatomy ribs
• What is illustrated in this diagram?

  The thoracic cage showing true, false, and floating ribs
  anatomy ribs
• What is the head of a rib?

  Articulates with the thoracic vertebrae
  anatomy ribs
• What is the neck of a rib?

  The constriction just beyond the head
  anatomy ribs
• What is the tubercle of a rib?

  Articulates with the transverse process of its corresponding vertebra
  anatomy ribs
• What is the angle of a rib?

  The sharp turn in the rib
  anatomy ribs
• What is the shaft of a rib?

  Thin and flattened, lower border sharp with a groove for intercostal nerves & vessels
  anatomy ribs
• What does the inferior facet of a rib articulate with?

  The vertebra of the same number
  anatomy ribs
• What is the costal groove of a rib?

  A groove on the lower border for intercostal nerves & vessels
  anatomy ribs
• What is illustrated in the posterior view of a left rib?

  Head, Neck, Superior & inferior facets, Tubercle, Angle, Shaft, Costal groove
  anatomy ribs
• What is shown in the lateral view of a vertebra and a single rib?

  Articulation points with labels for Head, Neck, Tubercle, Angle, and Shaft
  anatomy ribs
• What is highlighted in the lateral view of a thoracic vertebra?

  Costal facets for rib articulation
  anatomy ribs
• What bones make up the shoulder girdle?

  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the single bone in the arm?

  Humerus
  anatomy skeleton
• What are the two bones in the forearm?

  • Radius (laterally)
  • Ulna (medially)
  anatomy skeleton
• What bones form the hand?

  • Carpus (8 bones)
  • Metacarpus (5 bones)
  • Phalanges (3 in each finger, 2 in thumb)
  anatomy skeleton
• What bones are included in the carpals?

  8 bones total, forming the wrist region.
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the total number of phalanges in the hand?

  • 14 in total: 12 (3 in each finger) + 2 (in thumb)
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the diagram of the bones of the upper limb?

  
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the coracoid process?

  A small hook-like structure on the scapula.
  anatomy scapula
• What is the acromion?

  The bony process on the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder.
  anatomy scapula
• What are the greater and lesser tuberosities?

  Bony prominences on the humerus for muscle attachment.
  anatomy humerus
• What is the trochlea?

  A spool-shaped structure on the humerus that articulates with the ulna.
  anatomy humerus
• What are the carpal bones?

  Eight small bones that make up the wrist.
  anatomy carpals
• What are the metacarpal bones?

  Five long bones in the hand between the wrist and fingers.
  anatomy metacarpals
• What are the phalanges?

  The bones of the fingers and toes.
  anatomy phalanges
• What is the radius?

  The bone in the forearm on the thumb side.
  anatomy radius
• What is the ulna?

  The bone in the forearm on the pinky side.
  anatomy ulna
• What is the olecranon process?

  The bony prominence of the ulna at the elbow.
  anatomy ulna
• What is the trochlear notch?

  The concave surface of the ulna that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
  anatomy ulna
• What is the styloid process?

  A bony projection at the distal ends of both the radius and ulna.
  anatomy styloid
• What is shown in the anterior view of the shoulder joint?

  The scapula and humerus with articulation points visible.
  anatomy shoulder
• What is depicted in the anterior view of the wrist and hand?

  The carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
  anatomy hand
• What does the anterior view of the radius and ulna show?

  The distal ends with interosseous membrane and ligaments.
  anatomy forearm
• What is the pelvic girdle made of?

  • 1 bone: Hip bone
  anatomy skeleton
• How many bones are in the thigh?

  • 1 bone: Femur
  anatomy skeleton
• What are the bones in the leg?

  • 2 bones: Fibula (laterally), Tibia (medially)
  anatomy skeleton
• What forms the foot?

  • Tarsus (7 bones)
  • Metatarsus (5 bones)
  • Phalanges (3 in each toe, 2 in big toe)
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the largest bone in the lower limb?

  • Femur
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the function of the patella?

  • Protects the knee joint
  anatomy skeleton
• How many phalanges are in each toe?

  • 3 in each toe, 2 in the big toe
  anatomy skeleton
• What are the bones of the foot?

  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the image showing?

  
  anatomy skeleton
• What does the anterior view of the pelvis label?

  • Hip bone
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Sacroiliac joint
  • Sacral promontory
  • Pelvic brim
  • Acetabulum
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the structure of the tarsus?

  • Comprises 7 bones
  anatomy skeleton
• What is the structure of the metatarsus?

  • Comprises 5 bones
  anatomy skeleton
• What are the three regions of the hip bone?

  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
  anatomy hip_bone
• What are the main parts of the femur?

  • Head
  • Neck
  • Greater Trochanter
  • Lesser Trochanter
  • Femoral Condyles
  anatomy femur
• What bones make up the foot?

  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
  anatomy foot
• What are the main parts of the tibia and fibula?

  • Tibial Condyles
  • Tibial Tuberosity
  anatomy tibia fibula