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What is an allergy?
A range of symptoms due to inappropriate activation of the immune system to benign substances.
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What are the ways the immune system can kill pathogens?
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Where are mast cells located?
Beneath the epithelial surface.
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What can mast cells do?
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What triggers granule release in mast cells?
Secondary exposure to antigen causing crosslinking between IgE/ receptor on mast cell surface
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What are the components of mast cell granules?
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What does histamine do?
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What are the types of hypersensitivity reactions?
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How is IgE produced?
When Th2 cells instruct B cells to class switch into IgE plasma cells.
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What signals are needed for CD4⁺ T cell activation?
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What cytokines drive T cell differentiation?
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What is sensitization in allergy?
The presence of IgE antibodies to a particular substance.
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What does allergy testing detect?
Sensitization but does not prove the presence of allergy.
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What is skin prick testing used for?
To detect localized mast cell degranulation in the skin.
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What are reasons for positive SPT without clinical allergy?
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What is atopy?
An inherited predisposition to develop IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to common environmental antigens.
Can be modified by environmental factor
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What components lead to IgE sensitization?
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What are the cytokines produced by Th2 cells?
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What occurs during the effector phase of Type I hypersensitivity?
Re-exposure to allergen causes IgE cross-linking on mast cells, leading to degranulation and mediator synthesis.
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Define Type I hypersensitivity reactions.
Immediate hypersensitivity due to mast cell/basophil activation via IgE cross-linking.
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What are the phases of Type I hypersensitivity?
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What occurs during the immediate reaction of Type I hypersensitivity?
Mast cell granule release: histamine, tryptase, proteases, heparin.
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What are the effects of histamine release during an immediate reaction?
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What is involved in the late-phase reaction of Type I hypersensitivity?
Mast cells and Th2 cells release cytokines & chemokines, recruiting eosinophils and leukocytes.
Causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage
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What are some examples of Type I hypersensitivity?
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What are localized reactions in IgE-mediated allergic reactions?
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What is a systemic reaction in IgE-mediated allergic reactions?
Anaphylaxis: widespread degranulation causing hypotension, airway obstruction, angioedema, urticaria.
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What are the clinical signs of anaphylaxis?
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What is an allergy?
A range of symptoms due to inappropriate activation of the immune system to benign substances.
What are the ways the immune system can kill pathogens?
Where are mast cells located?
Beneath the epithelial surface.
What can mast cells do?
What triggers granule release in mast cells?
Secondary exposure to antigen causing crosslinking between IgE/ receptor on mast cell surface
What are the components of mast cell granules?
What does histamine do?
What are the types of hypersensitivity reactions?
How is IgE produced?
When Th2 cells instruct B cells to class switch into IgE plasma cells.
What signals are needed for CD4⁺ T cell activation?
What cytokines drive T cell differentiation?
What is sensitization in allergy?
The presence of IgE antibodies to a particular substance.
What does allergy testing detect?
Sensitization but does not prove the presence of allergy.
What is skin prick testing used for?
To detect localized mast cell degranulation in the skin.
What are reasons for positive SPT without clinical allergy?
What is atopy?
An inherited predisposition to develop IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to common environmental antigens.
Can be modified by environmental factor
What components lead to IgE sensitization?
What are the cytokines produced by Th2 cells?
What occurs during the effector phase of Type I hypersensitivity?
Re-exposure to allergen causes IgE cross-linking on mast cells, leading to degranulation and mediator synthesis.
Define Type I hypersensitivity reactions.
Immediate hypersensitivity due to mast cell/basophil activation via IgE cross-linking.
What are the phases of Type I hypersensitivity?
What occurs during the immediate reaction of Type I hypersensitivity?
Mast cell granule release: histamine, tryptase, proteases, heparin.
What are the effects of histamine release during an immediate reaction?
What is involved in the late-phase reaction of Type I hypersensitivity?
Mast cells and Th2 cells release cytokines & chemokines, recruiting eosinophils and leukocytes.
Causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage
What are some examples of Type I hypersensitivity?
What are localized reactions in IgE-mediated allergic reactions?
What is a systemic reaction in IgE-mediated allergic reactions?
Anaphylaxis: widespread degranulation causing hypotension, airway obstruction, angioedema, urticaria.
What are the clinical signs of anaphylaxis?
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