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What are composite volcanoes?
Steep-sided volcanoes found at constructive plate margins.
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What is a conservative plate margin?
Two plates sliding alongside each other, in the same or different directions.
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What occurs at a constructive plate margin?
Rising magma adds new material to diverging plates.
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What is continental crust?
The low density, thick outer layer of Earth forming continents.
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What are convection currents?
Circular movement of heat within Earth driving tectonic plate movement.
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What happens at a destructive plate margin?
Two plates converge, and oceanic plate is subducted, causing earthquakes and volcanoes.
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What is an earthquake?
A sudden or violent movement within the Earth’s crust followed by shocks.
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What are fold mountains?
Uplifted land crumpled by the collision of two plates.
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What are geophysical measurements?
Measurements taken at the surface to detect changes below.
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What is ground deformation?
Changes in the shape of volcanoes monitored to predict eruptions.
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What are hot spots?
Areas where Earth's crust is thin, allowing magma to break through.
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What does hydrology study?
The study of Earth’s water.
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What are immediate responses?
Reactions of people as a disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath.
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What is a landslide?
Movement of rock, earth, or debris down a slope.
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What is lava?
Magma that has erupted from a volcano.
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What are long-term responses?
Reactions occurring weeks, months, and years after an event.
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What is magma?
Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.
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What are management strategies?
Techniques for controlling or responding to an event.
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What is the mantle?
A hot, dense layer of Earth found between the crust and core.
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What is monitoring in geology?
Recording physical changes to help forecast natural hazards.
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What is the oceanic crust?
The dense, thin outer layer of Earth beneath the ocean.
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What is disaster planning?
Actions taken to enable communities to respond to natural disasters.
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What is a plate margin?
The border between two tectonic plates.
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What is prediction in geology?
Using historical evidence and monitoring to predict hazards.
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What are primary effects of a natural event?
Initial impacts on people and property caused directly by the event.
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What is protection in disaster management?
Actions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact.
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What is remote sensing?
Using satellites to detect heat and changes in a volcano's shape.
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What is search and rescue?
An immediate response to a disaster to find and assist affected individuals.
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What are secondary effects of a natural event?
After-effects that occur as indirect impacts, e.g., fires due to ruptured gas mains from ground shaking.
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What does seismicity refer to?
The frequency and distribution of earthquakes in a certain area, recorded by seismographs.
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What is a shield volcano?
A broad, flat volcano with non-violent eruptions formed at constructive margins and hot spots.
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What is subduction?
At a destructive margin, where the denser oceanic plate moves beneath the less dense continental plate.
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What is a tectonic hazard?
A natural hazard caused by the movement of tectonic plates, such as volcanoes and earthquakes.
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What is a tectonic plate?
A section of the Earth’s crust about 100km thick.
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What causes a tsunami?
Huge waves caused by earthquakes.
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What is a volcanic belt?
A distribution pattern of volcanoes that follows plate margins.
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What is a volcano?
An opening in the Earth’s crust from which lava, ash, and gases erupt.
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How can using geographical terminology in exams help?
It can improve your grade.
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What are composite volcanoes?
Steep-sided volcanoes found at constructive plate margins.
What is a conservative plate margin?
Two plates sliding alongside each other, in the same or different directions.
What occurs at a constructive plate margin?
Rising magma adds new material to diverging plates.
What is continental crust?
The low density, thick outer layer of Earth forming continents.
What are convection currents?
Circular movement of heat within Earth driving tectonic plate movement.
What happens at a destructive plate margin?
Two plates converge, and oceanic plate is subducted, causing earthquakes and volcanoes.
What is an earthquake?
A sudden or violent movement within the Earth’s crust followed by shocks.
What are fold mountains?
Uplifted land crumpled by the collision of two plates.
What are geophysical measurements?
Measurements taken at the surface to detect changes below.
What is ground deformation?
Changes in the shape of volcanoes monitored to predict eruptions.
What are hot spots?
Areas where Earth's crust is thin, allowing magma to break through.
What does hydrology study?
The study of Earth’s water.
What are immediate responses?
Reactions of people as a disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath.
What is a landslide?
Movement of rock, earth, or debris down a slope.
What is lava?
Magma that has erupted from a volcano.
What are long-term responses?
Reactions occurring weeks, months, and years after an event.
What is magma?
Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.
What are management strategies?
Techniques for controlling or responding to an event.
What is the mantle?
A hot, dense layer of Earth found between the crust and core.
What is monitoring in geology?
Recording physical changes to help forecast natural hazards.
What is the oceanic crust?
The dense, thin outer layer of Earth beneath the ocean.
What is disaster planning?
Actions taken to enable communities to respond to natural disasters.
What is a plate margin?
The border between two tectonic plates.
What is prediction in geology?
Using historical evidence and monitoring to predict hazards.
What are primary effects of a natural event?
Initial impacts on people and property caused directly by the event.
What is protection in disaster management?
Actions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact.
What is remote sensing?
Using satellites to detect heat and changes in a volcano's shape.
What is search and rescue?
An immediate response to a disaster to find and assist affected individuals.
What are secondary effects of a natural event?
After-effects that occur as indirect impacts, e.g., fires due to ruptured gas mains from ground shaking.
What does seismicity refer to?
The frequency and distribution of earthquakes in a certain area, recorded by seismographs.
What is a shield volcano?
A broad, flat volcano with non-violent eruptions formed at constructive margins and hot spots.
What is subduction?
At a destructive margin, where the denser oceanic plate moves beneath the less dense continental plate.
What is a tectonic hazard?
A natural hazard caused by the movement of tectonic plates, such as volcanoes and earthquakes.
What is a tectonic plate?
A section of the Earth’s crust about 100km thick.
What causes a tsunami?
Huge waves caused by earthquakes.
What is a volcanic belt?
A distribution pattern of volcanoes that follows plate margins.
What is a volcano?
An opening in the Earth’s crust from which lava, ash, and gases erupt.
How can using geographical terminology in exams help?
It can improve your grade.
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