์ด ํ๋์์นด๋๋ ์์ง ์ ์ฅ๋์ง ์์์ด โ ํ์ด์ง๋ฅผ ๋๊ฐ๋ฉด ์ฌ๋ผ์ ธ. ๋ฌด๋ฃ ๊ณ์ ์ ๋ง๋ค๋ฉด ์ ์ฅ๋๊ณ ์๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ๋ค๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ด์ฉํ ์ ์์ด.
What are composite volcanoes?
Steep-sided volcanoes found at constructive plate margins.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is a conservative plate margin?
Two plates sliding alongside each other, in the same or different directions.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What occurs at a constructive plate margin?
Rising magma adds new material to diverging plates.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is continental crust?
The low density, thick outer layer of Earth forming continents.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What are convection currents?
Circular movement of heat within Earth driving tectonic plate movement.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What happens at a destructive plate margin?
Two plates converge, and oceanic plate is subducted, causing earthquakes and volcanoes.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is an earthquake?
A sudden or violent movement within the Earthโs crust followed by shocks.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What are fold mountains?
Uplifted land crumpled by the collision of two plates.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What are geophysical measurements?
Measurements taken at the surface to detect changes below.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is ground deformation?
Changes in the shape of volcanoes monitored to predict eruptions.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What are hot spots?
Areas where Earth's crust is thin, allowing magma to break through.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What does hydrology study?
The study of Earthโs water.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What are immediate responses?
Reactions of people as a disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is a landslide?
Movement of rock, earth, or debris down a slope.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is lava?
Magma that has erupted from a volcano.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What are long-term responses?
Reactions occurring weeks, months, and years after an event.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is magma?
Molten rock beneath the Earthโs surface.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What are management strategies?
Techniques for controlling or responding to an event.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is the mantle?
A hot, dense layer of Earth found between the crust and core.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is monitoring in geology?
Recording physical changes to help forecast natural hazards.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is the oceanic crust?
The dense, thin outer layer of Earth beneath the ocean.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is disaster planning?
Actions taken to enable communities to respond to natural disasters.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is a plate margin?
The border between two tectonic plates.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is prediction in geology?
Using historical evidence and monitoring to predict hazards.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What are primary effects of a natural event?
Initial impacts on people and property caused directly by the event.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is protection in disaster management?
Actions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is remote sensing?
Using satellites to detect heat and changes in a volcano's shape.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is search and rescue?
An immediate response to a disaster to find and assist affected individuals.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What are secondary effects of a natural event?
After-effects that occur as indirect impacts, e.g., fires due to ruptured gas mains from ground shaking.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What does seismicity refer to?
The frequency and distribution of earthquakes in a certain area, recorded by seismographs.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is a shield volcano?
A broad, flat volcano with non-violent eruptions formed at constructive margins and hot spots.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is subduction?
At a destructive margin, where the denser oceanic plate moves beneath the less dense continental plate.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is a tectonic hazard?
A natural hazard caused by the movement of tectonic plates, such as volcanoes and earthquakes.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is a tectonic plate?
A section of the Earthโs crust about 100km thick.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What causes a tsunami?
Huge waves caused by earthquakes.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is a volcanic belt?
A distribution pattern of volcanoes that follows plate margins.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What is a volcano?
An opening in the Earthโs crust from which lava, ash, and gases erupt.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
How can using geographical terminology in exams help?
It can improve your grade.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต ์์ํ๊ธฐ.
What are composite volcanoes?
Steep-sided volcanoes found at constructive plate margins.
What is a conservative plate margin?
Two plates sliding alongside each other, in the same or different directions.
What occurs at a constructive plate margin?
Rising magma adds new material to diverging plates.
What is continental crust?
The low density, thick outer layer of Earth forming continents.
What are convection currents?
Circular movement of heat within Earth driving tectonic plate movement.
What happens at a destructive plate margin?
Two plates converge, and oceanic plate is subducted, causing earthquakes and volcanoes.
What is an earthquake?
A sudden or violent movement within the Earthโs crust followed by shocks.
What are fold mountains?
Uplifted land crumpled by the collision of two plates.
What are geophysical measurements?
Measurements taken at the surface to detect changes below.
What is ground deformation?
Changes in the shape of volcanoes monitored to predict eruptions.
What are hot spots?
Areas where Earth's crust is thin, allowing magma to break through.
What does hydrology study?
The study of Earthโs water.
What are immediate responses?
Reactions of people as a disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath.
What is a landslide?
Movement of rock, earth, or debris down a slope.
What is lava?
Magma that has erupted from a volcano.
What are long-term responses?
Reactions occurring weeks, months, and years after an event.
What is magma?
Molten rock beneath the Earthโs surface.
What are management strategies?
Techniques for controlling or responding to an event.
What is the mantle?
A hot, dense layer of Earth found between the crust and core.
What is monitoring in geology?
Recording physical changes to help forecast natural hazards.
What is the oceanic crust?
The dense, thin outer layer of Earth beneath the ocean.
What is disaster planning?
Actions taken to enable communities to respond to natural disasters.
What is a plate margin?
The border between two tectonic plates.
What is prediction in geology?
Using historical evidence and monitoring to predict hazards.
What are primary effects of a natural event?
Initial impacts on people and property caused directly by the event.
What is protection in disaster management?
Actions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact.
What is remote sensing?
Using satellites to detect heat and changes in a volcano's shape.
What is search and rescue?
An immediate response to a disaster to find and assist affected individuals.
What are secondary effects of a natural event?
After-effects that occur as indirect impacts, e.g., fires due to ruptured gas mains from ground shaking.
What does seismicity refer to?
The frequency and distribution of earthquakes in a certain area, recorded by seismographs.
What is a shield volcano?
A broad, flat volcano with non-violent eruptions formed at constructive margins and hot spots.
What is subduction?
At a destructive margin, where the denser oceanic plate moves beneath the less dense continental plate.
What is a tectonic hazard?
A natural hazard caused by the movement of tectonic plates, such as volcanoes and earthquakes.
What is a tectonic plate?
A section of the Earthโs crust about 100km thick.
What causes a tsunami?
Huge waves caused by earthquakes.
What is a volcanic belt?
A distribution pattern of volcanoes that follows plate margins.
What is a volcano?
An opening in the Earthโs crust from which lava, ash, and gases erupt.
How can using geographical terminology in exams help?
It can improve your grade.
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