Flashcards in this deck (79)

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• The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones, while the appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones.
  anatomy skeleton
• The skull is made up of 28 irregularly-shaped bones, including 6 auditory ossicles.
  anatomy skull
• The cranium contains 8 bones and the face contains 14 bones.
  anatomy skull
• The frontal bone forms the forehead and anterior part of the top of the cranium.
  anatomy skull
• The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is perforated by small foramina for the olfactory nerve.
  anatomy ethmoid
• The sphenoid sinuses are fairly large mucosa-lined, air-filled spaces.
  anatomy sphenoid
• The occipital bone creates the framework of the lower, posterior part of the skull.
  anatomy occipital
• The facial bones include all paired bones except for the mandible and vomer.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The parietal and temporal bones of the skull are paired cranial bones.
  anatomy cranial_bones
• The calvaria is another name for the top of the cranium.
  anatomy calvaria
• Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mucous lining of the mastoid sinuses.
  anatomy mastoiditis
• Figure 12-6 shows an illustration of the left half of the skull viewed from within.
  anatomy skull
• The maxillae form parts of the orbital floor, roof of mouth, and floor and sidewalls of the nose.
  anatomy facial_bones
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• The mandible is the only movable joint of the skull.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The sphenoid bone acts as the keystone of the cranium.
  anatomy skull
• The maxillae act as the keystone of the facial architecture.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The mandible is the largest, strongest bone of the face.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The zygomatic bone forms the outer margin of the orbit and the zygomatic arch.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The zygomatic bone articulates with the maxillary, temporal, frontal, and sphenoid bones.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The septal cartilage forms the lower part of the nose.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The lacrimal bones are just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The lacrimal bone articulates with the maxilla, frontal, and ethmoid bones.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The nasolacrimal duct is commonly known as the tear duct.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The palatine bones form the posterior part of the hard palate and the lateral wall of the posterior part of nasal cavities.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The inferior nasal conchae form the lower edge projecting into the nasal cavity.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The palatine bones articulate with the maxillae and the sphenoid bone.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The superior and middle conchae are projections of the ethmoid bone.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The vomer bone completes the nasal septum posteriorly.
  anatomy facial_bones
• The paranasal sinuses are shown in Figure 12-9, with lateral and frontal views.
  anatomy sinuses
• The eye orbits contain eyes and associated muscles, lacrimal apparatus, and important blood vessels and nerves.
  anatomy eye_orbits
• The eye orbits are separated from the cranial cavity, nose, paranasal sinuses, and mouth by the often very thin and fragile orbital walls.
  anatomy eye_orbits
• The fetal skull has unique anatomic features and different proportions of cranium and face.
  anatomy fetal_skull
• The purpose of fontanels is to allow for the molding of head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal and rapid brain growth in infancy.
  anatomy fetal_skull
• Figure 12-11 shows the skull at birth from various views: front, left, behind, and above.
  anatomy skull
• The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone that has muscle attachments and no articulation with other bones.
  anatomy hyoid bones
• The vertebral column consists of 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 fused vertebrae in the sacrum, and 4 fused vertebrae in the coccyx.
  anatomy vertebral_column vertebrae
• The rib cage includes 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae/discs, and the sternum which consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.
  anatomy rib_cage thorax
• The manubrium articulates with the clavicle and the first rib.
  anatomy sternum articulation
• The first seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they articulate directly with the sternum.
  anatomy ribs true_ribs
• The thoracic and sacral curvatures are classified as convex (kyphotic) curvatures, while the cervical and lumbar curvatures are classified as concave (lordotic) curvatures.
  anatomy spinal_curvatures curvatures
• In a baby's spine, the primary curvature is a continuous convex curve, while the cervical and lumbar curvatures are referred to as secondary curvatures because they develop later.
  anatomy spinal_curvatures development
• The true ribs are the first seven pairs, while the false ribs consist of pairs 8 through 12, and the floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.
  anatomy ribs false_ribs
• The hyoid bone is located in the neck, positioned below the skull and above the voice box (larynx).
  anatomy hyoid larynx
• Pairs 8 through 12 of ribs are known as false ribs.
  anatomy ribs
• Floating ribs refer to pairs 11 and 12 that do not attach to the sternum.
  anatomy ribs
• The first seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs because each rib joins a costal cartilage that attaches to the sternum.
  anatomy ribs
• The thoracic cage includes the ribs and the costal cartilages that articulate with the body of the sternum.
  anatomy thoracic_cage
• Abnormal spinal curvatures include lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis.
  anatomy spine
• The treatment for abnormal spinal curvatures depends on the degree of abnormal curvature and resulting deformity of the vertebral column.
  anatomy spine
• The air sinus includes the sphenoid sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoid air cells, and maxillary sinus.
  anatomy sinuses
• The mandibular foramen is associated with the mandible and is located near the hard palate.
  anatomy mandible
• The frontal bone contains the supraorbital margin and the supraorbital canal.
  anatomy frontal_bone
• The optic foramen is found in the sphenoid bone and connects to the superior orbital fissure.
  anatomy sphenoid_bone
• The hyoid bone consists of a greater horn, lesser horn, and a body.
  anatomy hyoid_bone
• The anterior (frontal) fontanel is located between the frontal bones and the parietal bones.
  anatomy fontanels
• The lumbar vertebra features include the body, pedicle, transverse process, and spinous process.
  anatomy lumbar_vertebra
• The sacrum consists of the sacral promontory, auricular surface, and apex.
  anatomy sacrum
• The costosternal articulation involves the clavicle, manubrium, and sternum.
  anatomy costosternal
• The true ribs connect directly to the sternum, while false ribs do not.
  anatomy ribs
• The Axial Skeleton is a part of the human skeleton that consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
  anatomy skeleton axial
• The skull protects the brain and forms the structure of the face.
  anatomy skull brain
• The vertebral column is also known as the spine and consists of vertebrae.
  anatomy vertebral spine
• The rib cage protects the heart and lungs and consists of ribs and the sternum.
  anatomy rib_cage heart
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