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Exam 3 Review
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Flashcards in this deck (38)

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  • What are intracellular electrolytes examples?

    • Potassium (K)
    biochemistry electrolytes

  • What are extracellular electrolytes examples?

    • Sodium
    • Salt
    biochemistry electrolytes

  • What deficiency causes scurvy?

    • Vitamin C
    nutrition deficiencies

  • What deficiency causes anemia?

    • Iron
    nutrition deficiencies

  • What deficiency causes Beri Beri?

    • Thiamine
    nutrition deficiencies

  • What deficiency causes Pellagra?

    • Niacin
    nutrition deficiencies

  • What is hypokalemia?

    • Low potassium
    nutrition deficiencies

  • What deficiency leads to Rickets in children?

    • Vitamin D
    nutrition deficiencies

  • What deficiency leads to osteomalacia in adults?

    • Vitamin D
    nutrition deficiencies

  • What is the cause of neural tube defects?

    • Folate deficiency
    nutrition deficiencies

  • Which vitamin regulates calcium levels in the blood?

    Vitamin A

    Vitamin B12

    Vitamin D

    Vitamin C

    nutrition vitamins

  • What are the major functions of iodine?

    • Supports thyroid hormone synthesis
    • Found in iodized salt
    nutrition minerals

  • What is the role of manganese?

    • Synthesizing structural molecules
    • Antioxidants (fruits, whole grains, leafy greens)
    nutrition minerals

  • What do antioxidants do?

    • Stop oxidative stress/damage
    nutrition antioxidants

  • What is the function of leukocytes?

    • Part of the immune system
    • Protects against infections
    biology immune_system

  • What factors affect the percentage of water in our body?

    • Age
    • Sex
    • Body composition
    biology hydration

  • What are osteoblasts responsible for?

    Hormone regulation

    Building bone

    Energy production

    Breaking down bone

    biology bones

  • What are osteoclasts responsible for?

    Breaking down bone

    Hormone regulation

    Building bone

    Energy production

    biology bones

  • What are examples of high sodium foods?

    • Processed foods
    nutrition sodium

  • What are examples of low sodium foods?

    • Unprocessed foods
    nutrition sodium

  • How are free radicals formed?

    • Through oxidative stress
    • Metabolic processes
    • Environmental factors
    health free_radicals

  • What do free radicals damage?

    • Cell membranes
    • Proteins
    • DNA
    health free_radicals

  • What is the relationship between electrolytes and water movement?

    Water moves to areas with a high concentration of electrolytes, causing cells to swell or shrink.

    biology electrolytes

  • When does bone growth start?

    • At infancy
    anatomy bone_development

  • What is bone remodeling?

    • A lifelong process of changing bone structure and density.
    anatomy bone_development

  • What is a pro-vitamin?

    • A substance that can be synthesized into a vitamin in the body.
    nutrition vitamins

  • What is the definition of dehydration?

    • A significant loss of body water.
    health hydration

  • What are antioxidant vitamins?

    • Vitamin A, among others.
    nutrition vitamins

  • What can increase the risk for cancer?

    • Processed foods
    • Tobacco use
    health cancer

  • What are the differences between heme and non-heme iron?

    • Heme: animal-based (e.g., beef)
    • Non-heme: plant-based (e.g., spinach)
    nutrition iron

  • What is the thirst mechanism?

    • A physiological response that triggers the need to drink water.
    biology hydration

  • What is the DASH diet for normal blood pressure?

    • Low sodium
    • Includes omega-3 fatty acids
    nutrition diet

  • What role does water play in our body?

    • Regulates temperature
    • Supports cellular functions
    biology hydration

  • What is the formula for the area of a circle?

    \(A = \\pi r^2\)

    math geometry

  • What is the formula for standard deviation?

    \(\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N}(x_i - \mu)^2}{N}}\)

    math statistics

  • Which planet is known as the largest in our solar system?

    Venus

    Jupiter

    Mars

    Saturn

    astronomy planets

  • Who was the first president of the United States?

    George Washington

    history presidents

  • What is the capital of France?

    Paris

    geography capitals