Flashcards in this deck (38)

• What did Svante Arrhenius note about reactive acids?

  Reactive acids generally contain oxygen or are hydrogen halides.
  chemistry acids
• How did Arrhenius define an acid?

  An acid is a compound with a dissociable hydrogen ion (H+).
  chemistry acids
• What happens during a neutralization reaction?

  The hydrogen ion combines with a hydroxide ion (OH-) to produce water.
  chemistry neutralization
• What are bases according to Arrhenius?

  Bases are compounds that contain OH in their formula.
  chemistry bases
• What limitation did Arrhenius's theory have regarding ammonia?

  It could not explain why ammonia (NH3) had base properties.
  chemistry bases
• How does the Brønsted-Lowry theory define acids?

  Brønsted-Lowry acids donate a proton (H+) during a reaction.
  chemistry brønsted-lowry
• How does the Brønsted-Lowry theory define bases?

  Brønsted-Lowry bases accept a proton during a reaction.
  chemistry brønsted-lowry
• What is an amphiprotic compound?

  A compound that can act as both an acid and a base.
  chemistry amphiprotic
• What is a conjugate acid?

  A conjugate acid is formed when a base gains a proton (H+).
  chemistry conjugate
• What defines a strong acid?

  Strong acids ionize completely with no equilibrium.
  chemistry strong_acids
• What defines a weak acid?

  Weak acids ionize partially, establishing an equilibrium.
  chemistry weak_acids
• What are the six main strong acids?

  • HCl
  • HBr
  • HI
  • HNO3
  • H2SO4
  • HClO4
  chemistry strong_acids
• Which HX acid is the only weak acid?

  HF is the only weak acid in Group VIIA.
  chemistry hx_acids
• How does the number of oxygens affect oxoacids?

  As the number of oxygens increases, the acidity increases.
  chemistry oxoacids
• What weakens the O-H bond in oxoacids?

  Oxygen atoms pull electron density away from the O-H bond.
  chemistry oxoacids
• What is the equation for weak acid ionization?

  HA + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + A-
  chemistry acids
• What is the acid ionization constant?

  Ka
  chemistry acids
• What is the equation for strong base dissociation?

  NaOH → Na+ + OH⁻
  chemistry bases
• What is the equilibrium equation for weak bases?

  NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH⁻
  chemistry bases
• What is the water ionization equation?

  H2O (l) + H2O (l) ⇌ H3O⁺(aq) + OH⁻ (aq)
  chemistry water
• What is the water ionization constant at 25°C?

  Kw = 1.0 x 10-14
  chemistry constants
• What indicates an acidic solution?

  [H3O+] > [OH-]
  chemistry solutions
• What is the pH formula?

  pH = -log[H3O⁺]
  chemistry ph
• What pH indicates a basic solution?

  pH > 7
  chemistry ph
• What is the relationship between pH and pOH?

  14 = pH + pOH
  chemistry ph
• How do we find [OH-] from [H3O+]?

  Use Kw = [H3O+][OH⁻]=1.0 x 10-14
  chemistry calculations
• What is the equilibrium constant for weak bases?

  Kb
  chemistry bases
• How do we find the pH of weak acids?

  Use an ICE box to find [H3O+] at equilibrium.
  chemistry acids
• What is the pH of 0.867 M benzoic acid?

  Calculate using Ka=6.3 x 10-5 and ICE table.
  chemistry acids
• How do we find Ka from measured pH?

  Use ICE box and known initial concentration.
  chemistry constants
• What is the pH of 0.30M HCN?

  pH = 5.87
  chemistry acids
• What is the pH of 0.055 M butanoic acid solution?

  2.72
  chemistry acids
• What is the dissociation reaction of butanoic acid?

  ButH + H2O ⇌ But⁻ + H3O⁺
  chemistry reactions
• What type of acid is butanoic acid?

  Weak monoprotic acid
  chemistry acids
• What is the formula to calculate Ka?

  Ka = ?rac{[H3O^+][But^-]}{[ButH]}
  chemistry equilibrium
• How to find [H3O⁺] from pH?

  [H3O⁺] = 10^{-pH}
  chemistry ph
• What is the [H3O⁺] concentration at pH 2.72?

  [H3O⁺] = 0.0019 M
  chemistry concentration
• What is the Ka of butanoic acid based on the given data?

  Ka = 0.000238
  chemistry ka