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MED TERM 2
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Flashcards in this deck (42)

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  • What does the root gastr/o mean?

    gastr/o means stomach

    gastro roots

  • What does the root hepat/o mean?

    hepat/o means liver

    gastro roots

  • What does the root ile/o mean?

    ile/o means ileum

    gastro roots

  • What does the root jejun/o mean?

    jejun/o means jejunum

    gastro roots

  • What does the root lapar/o mean?

    lapar/o means abdomen

    gastro roots

  • What does the root pancreat/o mean?

    pancreat/o means pancreas

    gastro roots

  • What does the root polyp/o mean?

    polyp/o means polyp

    gastro roots

  • What does the root proct/o mean?

    proct/o means rectum and anus

    gastro roots

  • What does the root rect/o mean?

    rect/o means rectum

    gastro roots

  • What does the root sigmoid/o mean?

    sigmoid/o means sigmoid colon

    gastro roots

  • Provide the listed medical roots and their meanings as a reference.

    • gastr/o = stomach
    • hepat/o = liver
    • ile/o = ileum
    • jejun/o = jejunum
    • lapar/o = abdomen
    • pancreat/o = pancreas
    • polyp/o = polyp
    • proct/o = rectum and anus
    • rect/o = rectum
    • sigmoid/o = sigmoid colon

    table of medical root words

    gastro roots reference

  • What does albumin/o mean?

    • albumin
    medical roots

  • What does azot/o mean?

    • nitrogen waste
    medical roots

  • What does bacteri/o mean?

    • bacteria
    medical roots

  • What does bi/o mean?

    • life
    medical roots

  • What does corpor/o mean?

    • body
    medical roots

  • What does crypt/o mean?

    • hidden
    medical roots

  • What does genit/o mean?

    • genitals
    medical roots

  • What does glycos/o mean?

    • sugar, glucose
    medical roots

  • What does hem/o mean?

    • blood
    medical roots

  • What does hemat/o mean?

    • blood
    medical roots

  • What does hydr/o mean?

    • water
    medical roots

  • What does noct/i mean?

    • night
    medical roots

  • What does olig/o mean?

    • scanty
    medical roots

  • What does py/o mean?

    • pus
    medical roots

  • What does the medical prefix a- mean?

    • without
    prefix medical

  • What does the medical prefix an- mean?

    • without
    prefix medical

  • What does the medical prefix anti- mean?

    • against
    prefix medical

  • What does the medical prefix auto- mean?

    • self
    prefix medical

  • What does the medical prefix hyper- mean?

    • excessive
    prefix medical

  • What does the medical prefix hypo- mean?

    • below, insufficient
    prefix medical

  • What does the medical prefix mono- mean?

    • one
    prefix medical

  • What does the medical prefix pan- mean?

    • all
    prefix medical

  • What does the medical prefix poly- mean?

    • many
    prefix medical

  • What does the medical prefix trans- mean?

    • across

    Table of medical prefixes

    prefix medical image

  • What does the medical root pneumon/o mean?

    pneumon/o = lung

    respiratory roots

  • What does the medical root pulmon/o mean?

    pulmon/o = lung

    respiratory roots

  • What does the medical root spir/o mean?

    spir/o = breathing

    respiratory roots

  • What does the medical root thorac/o mean?

    thorac/o = chest

    respiratory roots

  • What does the medical root trache/o mean?

    trache/o = trachea

    respiratory roots

  • What does the medical root tuss/o mean?

    tuss/o = cough

    respiratory roots

  • Name common respiratory roots and their meanings (brief list).

    • pneumon/o = lung
    • pulmon/o = lung
    • spir/o = breathing
    • thorac/o = chest
    • trache/o = trachea
    • tuss/o = cough

    Table of medical root words

    respiratory summary roots
Study Notes

Medical Word Parts — concise study notes

How medical terms are built (quick)

  • Prefix + root + suffix is the usual structure; prefixes modify meaning, roots name body parts/processes, suffixes indicate condition/procedure.
  • Many roots end in a combining vowel (often -o) that links to a suffix or another root (e.g., gastr/o + -itis → gastritis).
  • Learn roots first (body parts), then common prefixes; suffixes are added later when needed.

Key prefixes (modify meaning)

  • a-, an-: without
  • anti-: against
  • auto-: self
  • hyper-: excessive
  • hypo-: below, insufficient
  • mono-: one
  • pan-: all
  • poly-: many
  • trans-: across

Table of medical prefixes Alt: Table of common medical prefixes and meanings.

Digestive (gastrointestinal) roots

  • gastr/o — stomach
  • hepat/o — liver
  • ile/o — ileum (last small intestine segment)
  • jejun/o — jejunum (middle small intestine)
  • lapar/o — abdomen (often surgical access)
  • pancreat/o — pancreas
  • polyp/o — polyp (growth)
  • proct/o — rectum and anus
  • rect/o — rectum
  • sigmoid/o — sigmoid colon

GI roots table Alt: Table of gastrointestinal root words and meanings.

General/systemic roots (common clinical terms)

  • albumin/o — albumin (blood protein)
  • azot/o — nitrogen waste (e.g., urea)
  • bacteri/o — bacteria
  • bi/o — life
  • corpor/o — body
  • crypt/o — hidden
  • genit/o — genitals
  • glycos/o — sugar, glucose
  • hem/o, hemat/o — blood
  • hydr/o — water
  • noct/i — night
  • olig/o — scanty, few
  • py/o — pus

General roots table Alt: Table of general medical root words and meanings.

Respiratory/chest roots

  • pneumon/o, pulmon/o — lung
  • spir/o — breathing
  • thorac/o — chest
  • trache/o — trachea (windpipe)
  • tuss/o — cough

Respiratory roots table Alt: Table of respiratory root words and meanings.

Examples: building and interpreting terms

  • Gastritis = gastr/o (stomach) + -itis (inflammation) → stomach inflammation.
  • Hepatomegaly = hepat/o (liver) + -megaly (enlargement) → enlarged liver.
  • Pneumonia often comes from pneumon/o or pneum- roots + -ia (condition) → lung infection/condition.
  • Pyuria = py/o (pus) + -uria (urine) → pus in urine.

(You will usually add suffixes you learn later; these examples show how roots combine.)

Pronunciation & recognition tips

  • Focus on the root to identify the organ or system first, then add the prefix meaning.
  • Combining vowel -o is common but not always required (e.g., noct/i uses -i).
  • Many roots have synonyms (e.g., pneumon/o and pulmon/o both mean lung); recognize both forms.

High-yield study strategies

  • Drill by organ/system (GI, respiratory, urinary, systemic).
  • Create flashcards with one root per card and the meaning on the back; include a sample term.
  • Use the provided tables/images for quick visual review.
  • Practice decomposing clinical words into prefix/root/suffix until automatic.

Quick reference (one-line reminders)

  • Roots = structure/thing (e.g., gastr/o = stomach).
  • Prefixes = modify (location, amount, direction).
  • Combining vowel links elements (commonly -o).