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6eb7fc5a 0f34 4dc4 9eba 7e03a481cf5a Krebs cycle and oxidative metabolism

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1 / 34 Q&A

What is the TCA Cycle also known as?

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2 / 34 Q&A

What is the importance of the TCA cycle?

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3 / 34 Q&A

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

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4 / 34 Q&A

What does the TCA cycle require for its process?

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5 / 34 Q&A

What are the starting materials for the Krebs Cycle?

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6 / 34 Q&A

What is produced in the pyruvate to Acetyl CoA step?

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7 / 34 Q&A

What complex catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA?

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8 / 34 Q&A

What are the products of one TCA cycle?

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9 / 34 Q&A

How many times does the TCA cycle turn per glucose molecule?

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10 / 34 Q&A

What does the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) do?

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11 / 34 Q&A

What does Complex 1 of the ETC do?

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12 / 34 Q&A

What is the role of Complex 4 in the ETC?

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13 / 34 Q&A

What is the outcome of oxidative phosphorylation?

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14 / 34 Q&A

What is a potential consequence of uncoupling in the ETC?

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15 / 34 Q&A

What does cyanide do to the body?

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16 / 34 Q&A

How is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex controlled?

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17 / 34 Q&A

What inhibits PDH?

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18 / 34 Q&A

What keeps PDH active?

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19 / 34 Q&A

What activates phosphatase in muscle to enhance PDH activity?

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20 / 34 Q&A

What effect does insulin have on PDH regulation?

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21 / 34 Q&A

What hormones interact in glycolysis and energy metabolism?

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22 / 34 Q&A

What primarily regulates the Krebs cycle?

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23 / 34 Q&A

What stimulates ATP production in skeletal muscle?

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24 / 34 Q&A

What does the TCA cycle serve as a hub for?

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25 / 34 Q&A

What happens to the TCA cycle during hypoxia?

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26 / 34 Q&A

What is a cellular response to hypoxia?

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27 / 34 Q&A

What does HIF1 do under low oxygen conditions?

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28 / 34 Q&A

What genes does HIF1 increase expression of during hypoxia?

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29 / 34 Q&A

How do tumors use HIF1?

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30 / 34 Q&A

What is the reaction for converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

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31 / 34 Q&A

Which enzyme initiates the Krebs cycle?

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32 / 34 Q&A

What is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase?

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33 / 34 Q&A

What does fumarase convert?

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34 / 34 Q&A

What does α-Ketoglutarate produce in the Krebs cycle?

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Flashcards in this deck (34)

검색 중...

What is the TCA Cycle also known as?

Krebs Cycle

biochemistry cycles
What is the importance of the TCA cycle?

Central to oxidative metabolism and ATP synthesis

biochemistry metabolism
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

Exclusively in the mitochondria

biochemistry cellular_respiration
What does the TCA cycle require for its process?

Requires oxygen

biochemistry metabolism
What are the starting materials for the Krebs Cycle?

Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate

biochemistry metabolism
What is produced in the pyruvate to Acetyl CoA step?

Produces NADH and CO2

biochemistry metabolism
What complex catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA?

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

biochemistry enzymes
What are the products of one TCA cycle?

1 GTP/ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2

biochemistry metabolism
How many times does the TCA cycle turn per glucose molecule?

Two times

biochemistry metabolism
What does the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) do?

Creates a proton gradient for ATP production

biochemistry cellular_respiration
What does Complex 1 of the ETC do?

Oxidizes NADH to NAD+, transfers electrons to ubiquinone (Q)

biochemistry etc
What is the role of Complex 4 in the ETC?

Transfers electrons from cytochrome C to oxygen, forming water

biochemistry etc
What is the outcome of oxidative phosphorylation?

Drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase

biochemistry metabolism
What is a potential consequence of uncoupling in the ETC?

Proton gradients are not used for ATP generation

biochemistry etc
What does cyanide do to the body?

Inactivates cytochrome oxidase, halting ATP production

biochemistry toxicity
How is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex controlled?

Regulated through de/-phosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases

biochemistry regulation
What inhibits PDH?
- NADH
- Acetyl Co-A
biochemistry pdh
What keeps PDH active?
- Pyruvate
- Insulin (inhibits PDH kinase)
biochemistry pdh
What activates phosphatase in muscle to enhance PDH activity?
- ATP
- Calcium
biochemistry muscle
What effect does insulin have on PDH regulation?

Reduces kinase activity, enhances phosphatase effect.

biochemistry insulin
What hormones interact in glycolysis and energy metabolism?
- Glucagon
- Epinephrine
- Insulin
biochemistry hormones
What primarily regulates the Krebs cycle?

End-product inhibition by ATP and NADH on dehydrogenase enzymes.

biochemistry krebs_cycle
What stimulates ATP production in skeletal muscle?

Calcium levels through substrate regulation.

biochemistry muscle
What does the TCA cycle serve as a hub for?

Generating organic molecules like fatty acids and glucose.

biochemistry tca_cycle
What happens to the TCA cycle during hypoxia?

Efficiency decreases, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

biochemistry hypoxia
What is a cellular response to hypoxia?
- Limit ATP consumption
- Enhance anaerobic ATP production efficiency
- Minimize oxidative stress via HIF expression
biochemistry hypoxia
What does HIF1 do under low oxygen conditions?

Acts as a transcription factor, switching on genes for survival.

biochemistry hif1
What genes does HIF1 increase expression of during hypoxia?
- Glycolytic enzymes
- GLUT transporters
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases
biochemistry hif1
How do tumors use HIF1?

Promote survival and progression in low oxygen, making it a therapy target.

biochemistry cancer
What is the reaction for converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

pyruvate + CoA + NAD → acetyl-CoA + CO₂ + NADH

biochemistry acetyl-coa
Which enzyme initiates the Krebs cycle?

Citrate Synthase

biochemistry krebs_cycle
What is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase?

NADH

biochemistry krebs_cycle
What does fumarase convert?

Water and fumarate in the Krebs cycle.

biochemistry krebs_cycle
What does α-Ketoglutarate produce in the Krebs cycle?

NADH and CoA-SH.

biochemistry krebs_cycle

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6eb7fc5a 0f34 4dc4 9eba 7e03a481cf5a Krebs cycle and oxidative metabolism

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Flashcards in this deck (34)